Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
Pathol Res Pract. 2023 Mar;243:154371. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154371. Epub 2023 Feb 11.
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most prevalent endocrine malignant tumor. It has many types, the Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC)(most common and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). Several risk factors have been associated with TC radiation exposure, autoimmunity, and genetics. Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are the most important genetic determinants of TC. They are small chains of nucleic acids that are able to inhibit the expression of several target genes. They could target several genes involved in TC proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, development, and even resistance to therapy. Besides, they could influence the stemness of TC. Moreover, they could regulate several signaling pathways such as WNT/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis, JAK/STAT, TGF- β, EGFR, and P53. Besides signaling pathways, miRNAs are also involved in the resistance of TC to major treatments such as surgery, thyroid hormone-inhibiting therapy, radioactive iodine, and adjuvant radiation. The stability and sensitivity of several miRNAs might be exploited as an approach for the usage of miRNAs as diagnostic and/or prognostic tools in TC.
甲状腺癌（TC）是最常见的内分泌恶性肿瘤。它有多种类型，包括甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）（最常见）和滤泡状甲状腺癌（FTC）。一些风险因素与 TC 辐射暴露、自身免疫和遗传有关。微小核糖核酸（miRNAs）是 TC 最重要的遗传决定因素。它们是能够抑制多个靶基因表达的小核酸链。它们可以针对涉及 TC 增殖、血管生成、细胞凋亡、发育甚至对治疗的耐药性的几个基因。此外，它们还可以影响 TC 的干性。此外，它们可以调节 WNT/β-catenin、PI3K/AKT/mTOR 轴、JAK/STAT、TGF-β、EGFR 和 P53 等多种信号通路。除了信号通路外，miRNAs 还参与 TC 对主要治疗方法（如手术、甲状腺激素抑制治疗、放射性碘和辅助放疗）的耐药性。几种 miRNA 的稳定性和敏感性可被利用作为将 miRNA 用作 TC 诊断和/或预后工具的一种方法。
