Cendra Alicia Sanchez, Pekarek Leonel, Pedrejón Beatriz Iglesias, Bernier Loreto, Cervantes Eduardo David Roberts, Cendra Cristina Sanchez, Cassinello Javier, López-Gonzalez Laura, Mañez Félix, Carrero Concepción Blanco, Fernández Clara Tasende, Giménez Tomás Ratia, García Diego Martín Córdova, Gutiérrez-Calvo Alberto, Álvarez-Mon Melchor, Díaz-Pedrero Raúl, Ortega Miguel A
Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain.
Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain.
J Cancer. 2025 Jan 1;16(1):241-264. doi: 10.7150/jca.101395. eCollection 2025.
This review focuses on the latest advancements in using biomarkers to diagnose, predict outcomes, and guide the treatment of different types of thyroid cancer, such as anaplastic, papillary, medullary, and follicular thyroid carcinoma. We highlight the key role of both traditional and new biomarkers in improving the treatment of these cancers. For anaplastic thyroid cancer, biomarkers are crucial for detecting distant metastases and making treatment decisions. In papillary thyroid carcinoma, biomarkers are used to predict patient survival, taking into account factors like age, the presence of metastasis, and the extent of the tumor. Medullary thyroid carcinoma has seen advancements due to genetic research, particularly in identifying RET mutations, which help in selecting targeted treatments. In follicular thyroid carcinoma, understanding the tumor's molecular profile is important for assessing its aggressiveness and potential to spread. The review also discusses the therapeutic use and variability of various biomarkers in advanced thyroid cancers. Among the most relevant innovations are advancements in detection techniques such as the detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and microRNA is emerging as a promising tool for monitoring the disease and predicting treatment response. The integration of these biomarkers into clinical practice, including the most recent detection techniques, is a significant step toward personalized medicine, leading to more accurate diagnoses and better outcomes for thyroid cancer patients.
本综述聚焦于利用生物标志物诊断、预测预后以及指导不同类型甲状腺癌（如间变性、乳头状、髓样和滤泡状甲状腺癌）治疗的最新进展。我们强调传统和新型生物标志物在改善这些癌症治疗方面的关键作用。对于间变性甲状腺癌，生物标志物对于检测远处转移和做出治疗决策至关重要。在乳头状甲状腺癌中，生物标志物用于预测患者生存率，同时考虑年龄、转移情况和肿瘤范围等因素。由于基因研究，髓样甲状腺癌取得了进展，特别是在识别RET突变方面，这有助于选择靶向治疗。在滤泡状甲状腺癌中，了解肿瘤的分子特征对于评估其侵袭性和扩散潜力很重要。该综述还讨论了各种生物标志物在晚期甲状腺癌中的治疗用途和变异性。最相关的创新之一是检测技术的进步，如循环肿瘤DNA（ctDNA）检测，并且微小RNA正成为监测疾病和预测治疗反应的有前景的工具。将这些生物标志物整合到临床实践中，包括最新的检测技术，是迈向个性化医疗的重要一步，可为甲状腺癌患者带来更准确的诊断和更好的治疗结果。
