Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland.
Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Immunity. 2023 Feb 14;56(2):256-271. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.022.
The immune system plays critical roles in both autoimmunity and cancer, diseases at opposite ends of the immune spectrum. Autoimmunity arises from loss of T cell tolerance against self, while in cancer, poor immunity against transformed self fails to control tumor growth. Blockade of pathways that preserve self-tolerance is being leveraged to unleash immunity against many tumors; however, widespread success is hindered by the autoimmune-like toxicities that arise in treated patients. Knowledge gained from the treatment of autoimmunity can be leveraged to treat these toxicities in patients. Further, the understanding of how T cell dysfunction arises in cancer can be leveraged to induce a similar state in autoreactive T cells. Here, we review what is known about the T cell response in autoimmunity and cancer and highlight ways in which we can learn from the nexus of these two diseases to improve the application, efficacy, and management of immunotherapies.
免疫系统在自身免疫和癌症中都起着至关重要的作用，这两种疾病处于免疫谱的两端。自身免疫是由于 T 细胞对自身的耐受性丧失引起的，而在癌症中，对自身转化的免疫力差导致无法控制肿瘤生长。利用阻止维持自身耐受的途径来释放针对许多肿瘤的免疫反应；然而，在治疗患者中出现的类似自身免疫的毒性会阻碍广泛的成功。从治疗自身免疫中获得的知识可以被利用来治疗这些毒性在患者中。此外，了解 T 细胞功能障碍在癌症中是如何产生的，可以被利用来诱导自身反应性 T 细胞产生类似的状态。在这里，我们回顾了已知的自身免疫和癌症中的 T 细胞反应，并强调了我们可以从这两种疾病的交汇点学习的方法，以提高免疫疗法的应用、疗效和管理。
