Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2023;1404:213-232. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-22997-8_11.
Vibrio is a genus of bacteria commonly found in estuarine, marine, and freshwater environments. Vibrio species have evolved to occupy diverse niches in the aquatic ecosystem, with some having complex lifestyles. About a dozen of the described Vibrio species have been reported to cause human disease, while many other species cause disease in other organisms. Vibrio cholerae causes epidemic cholera, a severe dehydrating diarrheal disease associated with the consumption of contaminated food or water. The human pathogenic non-cholera Vibrio species, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, cause gastroenteritis, septicemia, and other extra-intestinal infections. Infections caused by V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus are normally acquired through exposure to sea water or through consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated seafood. The human pathogenic Vibrios are exposed to numerous different stress-inducing agents and conditions in the aquatic environment and when colonizing a human host. Therefore, they have evolved a variety of mechanisms to survive in the presence of these stressors. Here we discuss what is known about important stress responses in pathogenic Vibrio species and their role in bacterial survival.
弧菌是一种常见于河口、海洋和淡水环境中的细菌属。弧菌物种已经进化到在水生生态系统中占据多样化的生态位，其中一些具有复杂的生活方式。已报道约有 12 种描述的弧菌会导致人类疾病，而许多其他物种会导致其他生物体患病。霍乱弧菌会引起流行性霍乱，这是一种严重的脱水性腹泻病，与食用受污染的食物或水有关。人类致病性非霍乱弧菌，副溶血性弧菌和创伤弧菌，会引起肠胃炎、败血症和其他肠外感染。副溶血性弧菌和创伤弧菌引起的感染通常是通过接触海水或食用生的或未煮熟的受污染海鲜而获得的。人类致病性弧菌在水生环境中和在定植于人类宿主时会接触到许多不同的应激诱导剂和条件。因此，它们已经进化出多种机制来在这些应激源存在的情况下存活。在这里，我们讨论了致病性弧菌物种中重要的应激反应及其在细菌存活中的作用。
