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“每个人都对我有不同的看法,好像是我的错,或者我是自找的”:熟人跟踪受害者的性侵犯、性骚扰和性自主经历。

"Everyone Saw Me Differently Like It Was My Fault or I Wanted It": Acquaintance Stalking Victim Experiences of Sexual Assault, Sexual Harassment, and Sexual Autonomy.

机构信息

University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.

Stalking Prevention, Awareness, and Resource Center (SPARC), Washington, DC, USA.

出版信息

J Interpers Violence. 2023 Jul;38(13-14):8187-8210. doi: 10.1177/08862605231153892. Epub 2023 Feb 16.

Abstract

Although the stalking research literature has grown over time, there is more limited research focused on acquaintance stalking victim experiences and harms. The current study used online surveys with women stalked by acquaintances who had ( = 193), and who had not ( = 144), been sexually assaulted by the stalker to examine differences in stalking course of conduct (including jealousy and control, sexual harassment) and victim harms (resource losses, social identity perceptions, sexual autonomy, sexual difficulties, and safety efficacy). Results found that many of the acquaintance stalking victims in the current study experienced all three types of sexual harassment (verbal harassment, unwanted sexual advances, sexual coercion) and had negative social identity perceptions (e.g., how they felt about themselves, how they felt about their ability to be a good partner). More women who were sexually assaulted, compared to those who were not, experienced threats, jealous and controlling behavior, severe physical violence, stalking-related fear, sexual harassment, negative social identity perceptions, and lower sexual autonomy. Multivariate analysis found that sexual assault, more unwanted sexual attention, increased sexual coercion, lower safety efficacy, and more negative social identity perceptions were associated with sexual difficulties while sexual assault, higher safety efficacy, fewer resource losses, and fewer negative social identity perceptions were associated with increased sexual autonomy. Sexual assault, verbal sexual harassment, and resource losses were associated with more negative social identity perceptions. Understanding the full scope of stalking victimization and the negative impacts can inform the recovery journey and safety planning interventions.

摘要

尽管跟踪研究文献随着时间的推移而不断增加,但针对熟人跟踪受害者的经历和伤害的研究却更为有限。本研究使用在线调查,调查了被熟人跟踪的女性( = 193)和未被熟人跟踪的女性( = 144),这些熟人曾对受害者进行过性侵犯,以研究跟踪行为(包括嫉妒和控制、性骚扰)和受害者伤害(资源损失、社会身份认知、性自主、性困难和安全效能)方面的差异。结果发现,本研究中的许多熟人跟踪受害者都经历了所有三种类型的性骚扰(言语骚扰、不受欢迎的性接近、性强迫),并且对自己的社会身份认知产生了负面影响(例如,他们对自己的感觉、他们对自己成为好伴侣的能力的感觉)。与未遭受性侵犯的受害者相比,遭受过性侵犯的受害者经历了更多的威胁、嫉妒和控制行为、严重的身体暴力、与跟踪相关的恐惧、性骚扰、负面的社会身份认知以及较低的性自主。多变量分析发现,性侵犯、更多不受欢迎的性关注、性强迫增加、安全效能降低以及负面社会身份认知与性困难有关,而性侵犯、更高的安全效能、更少的资源损失和更少的负面社会身份认知与性自主增加有关。性侵犯、言语性骚扰和资源损失与更负面的社会身份认知有关。了解跟踪受害者的全部范围和负面影响,可以为康复旅程和安全规划干预措施提供信息。

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