接种疫苗后产生 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 IgM 的受试者表现出更长的体液免疫和更低的感染频率。

Subjects who developed SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM after vaccination show a longer humoral immunity and a lower frequency of infection.

机构信息

Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar (Verona), Italy.

Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.

出版信息

EBioMedicine. 2023 Mar;89:104471. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104471. Epub 2023 Feb 14.

BACKGROUND

We have previously shown that eliciting SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM after vaccination is associated with higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing IgG. This study aims to assess whether IgM development is also associated with longer-lasting immunity.

METHODS

We analysed anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG and IgM (IgG-S, IgM-S), and anti-nucleocapsid IgG (IgG-N) in 1872 vaccinees at different time points: before the first dose (D1; w0), before the second dose (D2; w3) at three (w6) and 23 weeks (w29) after D2; moreover, 109 subjects were further tested at the booster dose (D3, w44), at 3 weeks (w47) and 6 months (w70) after D3. Two-level linear regression models were used to evaluate the differences in IgG-S levels.

FINDINGS

In subjects who had no evidence of a previous infection at D1 (non-infected, NI), IgM-S development after D1 and D2 was associated with higher IgG-S levels at short (w6, p < 0.0001) and long (w29, p < 0.001) follow-up. Similar IgG-S levels were observed after D3. The majority (28/33, 85%) of the NI subjects who had developed IgM-S in response to vaccination did not experience infection.

INTERPRETATION

The development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM-S following D1 and D2 is associated with higher IgG-S levels. Most individuals who developed IgM-S never became infected, suggesting that IgM elicitation may be associated with a lower risk of infection.

FUNDING

"Fondi Ricerca Corrente" and "Progetto Ricerca Finalizzata" COVID-2020 (Italian Ministry of Health); FUR 2020 Department of Excellence 2018-2022 (MIUR, Italy); the Brain Research Foundation Verona.

背景

我们之前的研究表明，接种疫苗后产生 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 IgM 与更高水平的 SARS-CoV-2 中和 IgG 相关。本研究旨在评估 IgM 的产生是否也与更持久的免疫相关。

方法

我们分析了 1872 名疫苗接种者在不同时间点的抗 SARS-CoV-2 刺突蛋白 IgG 和 IgM（IgG-S、IgM-S）和抗核衣壳 IgG（IgG-N）：在第一剂前（D1；w0）、在第二剂前（D2；w3）、在第三剂后 3 周（w6）和 23 周（w29）；此外，109 名受试者在加强剂量（D3，w44）、在第三剂后 3 周（w47）和 6 个月（w70）时进一步进行了测试。采用双水平线性回归模型评估 IgG-S 水平的差异。

结果

在 D1 时没有既往感染证据的受试者（非感染者，NI），D1 和 D2 后 IgM-S 的产生与短期（w6，p<0.0001）和长期（w29，p<0.001）随访时的 IgG-S 水平较高相关。D3 后观察到类似的 IgG-S 水平。在接种疫苗后产生 IgM-S 的 NI 受试者中，大多数（28/33，85%）未发生感染。