Peletta Allegra, Lemoine Céline, Courant Thomas, Collin Nicolas, Borchard Gerrit
Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1221 Geneva, Switzerland.
Vaccine Formulation Institute, Rue du Champ-Blanchod 4, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland.
Pharmacol Res. 2023 Mar;189:106699. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106699. Epub 2023 Feb 14.
Vaccination is considered one of the most successful strategies to prevent infectious diseases. In the event of a pandemic or epidemic, the rapid development and distribution of the vaccine to the population is essential to reduce mortality, morbidity and transmission. As seen during the COVID-19 pandemic, the production and distribution of vaccines has been challenging, in particular for resource-constrained settings, essentially slowing down the process of achieving global coverage. Pricing, storage, transportation and delivery requirements of several vaccines developed in high-income countries resulted in limited access for low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). The capacity to manufacture vaccines locally would greatly improve global vaccine access. In particular, for the development of classical subunit vaccines, the access to vaccine adjuvants is a pre-requisite for more equitable access to vaccines. Vaccine adjuvants are agents required to augment or potentiate, and possibly target the specific immune response to such type of vaccine antigens. Openly accessible or locally produced vaccine adjuvants may allow for faster immunization of the global population. For local research and development of adjuvanted vaccines to expand, knowledge on vaccine formulation is of paramount importance. In this review, we aim to discuss the optimal characteristics of a vaccine developed in an emergency setting by focusing on the importance of vaccine formulation, appropriate use of adjuvants and how this may help overcome barriers for vaccine development and production in LMICs, achieve improved vaccine regimens, delivery and storage requirements.
疫苗接种被认为是预防传染病最成功的策略之一。在大流行或流行病发生时，迅速研发疫苗并向人群分发对于降低死亡率、发病率和传播至关重要。正如在新冠疫情期间所看到的那样，疫苗的生产和分发一直具有挑战性，特别是对于资源有限的地区，这在很大程度上减缓了实现全球覆盖的进程。高收入国家研发的几种疫苗的定价、储存、运输和交付要求导致低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）的获取机会有限。本地生产疫苗的能力将大大改善全球疫苗的可及性。特别是对于经典亚单位疫苗的研发，获得疫苗佐剂是更公平地获取疫苗的先决条件。疫苗佐剂是增强或强化，并可能靶向针对此类疫苗抗原的特异性免疫反应所需的试剂。可公开获取或本地生产的疫苗佐剂可能使全球人群更快地接种疫苗。为了扩大佐剂疫苗的本地研发，关于疫苗配方的知识至关重要。在本综述中，我们旨在通过关注疫苗配方的重要性、佐剂的合理使用以及这如何有助于克服低收入和中等收入国家疫苗研发和生产的障碍、实现更好的疫苗接种方案、交付和储存要求，来讨论在紧急情况下研发的疫苗的最佳特性。
