Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Cas Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2022 Jan;21(1):69-81. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1991794. Epub 2021 Nov 1.
Vaccines are the agreed upon weapon against the COVID-19 pandemic. This review discusses about COVID-19 subunit vaccines adjuvants and their signaling pathways, which could provide a glimpse into the selection of appropriate adjuvants for prospective vaccine development studies.
In the introduction, a brief background about the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the vaccine development race and classes of vaccine adjuvants were provided. . The antigen, trial stage, and types of adjuvants were extracted from the included articles and thun assimilated. Finally, the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), their classes, cognate adjuvants, and potential signaling pathways were comprehended.
Adjuvants are unsung heroes of subunit vaccines. The in silico studies are very vital in avoiding several costly trial errors and save much work times. The majority of the (pre)clinical studies are promising. It is encouraging that most of the selected adjuvants are novel. Much emphasis must be paid to the optimal paring of antigen-adjuvant-PRRs for obtaining the desired vaccine effect. A good subunit vaccine/adjuvant is one that has high efficacy, safety, dose sparing, and rapid seroconversion rate and broad spectrum of immune response. In the years to come, COVID-19 adjuvanted subunit vaccines are expected to have superior utility than any other vaccines for various reasons.
疫苗是对抗 COVID-19 大流行的公认武器。本综述讨论了 COVID-19 亚单位疫苗佐剂及其信号通路，这可为选择合适的佐剂用于未来的疫苗开发研究提供一些线索。
在引言部分，简要介绍了 SARS-CoV-2 大流行、疫苗开发竞赛和疫苗佐剂的类别。从纳入的文章中提取抗原、试验阶段和佐剂类型，并进行综合。最后，理解了模式识别受体（PRRs）、它们的类别、同源佐剂和潜在的信号通路。
佐剂是亚单位疫苗的无名英雄。计算机研究对于避免许多昂贵的试验错误和节省大量工作时间非常重要。大多数（前）临床试验都很有希望。令人鼓舞的是，大多数选择的佐剂都是新颖的。必须高度重视抗原-佐剂-PRR 的最佳配对，以获得所需的疫苗效果。一种好的亚单位疫苗/佐剂应该具有高效、安全、节省剂量、快速血清转化率和广泛的免疫反应谱。在未来几年，出于各种原因，COVID-19 佐剂亚单位疫苗有望比其他任何疫苗都具有更好的效用。
