Ma Chaochen, Jung Chau-Ren, Nakayama Shoji F, Tabuchi Takahiro, Nishihama Yukiko, Kudo Haruka, Morishima Toshitaka, Ohno Yuko, Sobue Tomotaka, Miyashiro Isao
Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan.
Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan.
Environ Res. 2023 May 1;224:115503. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115503. Epub 2023 Feb 14.
Long-term air pollution exposure has been linked to increased lung cancer mortality. However, little is known about whether day-to-day fluctuations in air pollution levels are in relation to lung cancer mortality, particularly in low-exposure settings. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term associations between air pollution and lung cancer mortality. Daily data on lung cancer mortality, fine particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO), sulfur dioxide (SO), carbon monoxide (CO), and weather conditions were collected from Osaka Prefecture, Japan, from 2010 to 2014. Generalized linear models were combined with quasi-Poisson regression were applied to evaluate the associations between each air pollutant and lung cancer mortality after adjusting for potential confounders. Mean (standard deviation) concentrations of PM, NO, SO, and CO were 16.7 (8.6) μg/m, 36.8 (14.2) μg/m, 11.1 (4.0) μg/m, and 0.51 (0.16) mg/m, respectively. Interquartile range increases in concentrations of PM, NO, SO, and CO (2-d moving average) were associated with 2.65% (95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 0.96%-4.37%), 4.28% (95% CIs: 2.24%-6.36%), 3.35% (95% CIs: 1.03%-5.73%), and 4.60% (95% CIs: 2.19%-7.05%) increased risk of lung cancer mortality, respectively. Stratified analyses showed that the associations were strongest in the older population and men. Exposure‒response curves showed a continuously increasing mortality risk from lung cancer with elevation of air pollution levels, without discernible thresholds. In summary, we found evidence of increased lung cancer mortality in relation to short-term elevations in ambient air pollution. These findings may merit further research to better understand this issue.
长期暴露于空气污染与肺癌死亡率增加有关。然而，对于空气污染水平的日常波动是否与肺癌死亡率相关，尤其是在低暴露环境中，人们了解甚少。本研究旨在评估空气污染与肺癌死亡率之间的短期关联。收集了2010年至2014年日本大阪府肺癌死亡率、细颗粒物（PM）、二氧化氮（NO）、二氧化硫（SO）、一氧化碳（CO）的每日数据以及天气状况。应用广义线性模型结合准泊松回归来评估在调整潜在混杂因素后每种空气污染物与肺癌死亡率之间的关联。PM、NO、SO和CO的平均（标准差）浓度分别为16.7（8.6）μg/m、36.8（14.2）μg/m、11.1（4.0）μg/m和0.51（0.16）mg/m。PM、NO、SO和CO浓度的四分位数间距增加（2天移动平均值）分别与肺癌死亡率风险增加2.65%（95%置信区间[CIs]：0.96%-4.37%）、4.28%（95% CIs：2.24%-6.36%）、3.35%（95% CIs：1.03%-5.73%）和4.60%（95% CIs：2.19%-7.05%）相关。分层分析表明，这种关联在老年人群和男性中最为强烈。暴露-反应曲线显示，随着空气污染水平升高，肺癌死亡率风险持续增加，没有明显阈值。总之，我们发现有证据表明，环境空气污染的短期升高与肺癌死亡率增加有关。这些发现可能值得进一步研究，以更好地理解这一问题。
