中国上海孕妇通过鱼类摄入甲基汞和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的风险效益评估：来自上海饮食与健康调查的结果。

Risk-benefit assessment of methylmercury and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids through fish intake by pregnant women in Shanghai, China: Findings from the Shanghai Diet and Health Survey.

作者信息

Cai Hua, Zhu Yuanshen, Qin Luxin, Luo Baozhang, Liu Hong, Wu Chunfeng, He Gengsheng

机构信息

School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China.

Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200136, China; Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200136, China.

出版信息

Food Chem Toxicol. 2023 Apr;174:113668. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113668. Epub 2023 Feb 14.

DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2023.113668

PMID:36796618

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Fish and shellfish contain nutrients essential for fetal health, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The concern of mercury (Hg) pollution limits fish consumption among women in pregnancy, which could adversely affect child development. This study aimed to conduct risk-benefit assessment and provide recommendations for fish intake by pregnant women in Shanghai, China.

METHODS

Secondary analysis was conducted using cross-sectional data from a representative sample of the Shanghai Diet and Health Survey (SDHS) (2016-2017), China. Dietary intakes of Hg and DHA + EPA were calculated from the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) on fish items and 24hr recall record. Raw fish samples (59 common species of fish in Shanghai) were purchased in local markets and their concentrations of DHA, EPA and Hg were measured. Net IQ points gain was used to evaluate the health risk and benefit at a population level by FAO/WHO model. Recommended fish (i.e., high- DHA + EPA and low-level MeHg) were defined, and then the proportion of those hit 5.8 IQ points were simulated with their consumption frequency for 1, 2 and 3 times per week.

RESULTS

The average consumption of fish and shellfish was 66.24 g/d among pregnant women in Shanghai. The mean concentrations of Hg and EPA + DHA in fish species most commonly consumed in Shanghai were 0.179 mg/kg and 0.374 g/100 g, respectively. Only 1.4% of the population exceeded the MeHg reference dose of 0.1 μg/kg·bw/d, whereas 81.3% of those who did not meet the recommended daily intakes of 250 mg EPA + DHA. In FAO/WHO model, the proportion of 28.4% reached the maximum IQ points gain. Along with the increase of "recommended fish" consumed, the simulated values of the proportion raised to 74.5, 87.3 and 91.9%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The pregnant women in Shanghai, China had an adequate fish consumption with low-level Hg exposure, but balancing the benefits of fish intake and risk of potential Hg exposure was still a challenge. It is necessary to define a local level of "recommended fish" consumption for developing dietary recommendations for pregnant women.

摘要

背景

鱼类和贝类含有对胎儿健康至关重要的营养物质，尤其是二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和二十碳五烯酸（EPA）。汞（Hg）污染问题限制了孕妇食用鱼类，这可能会对儿童发育产生不利影响。本研究旨在进行风险效益评估，并为中国上海的孕妇鱼类摄入量提供建议。

方法

利用中国上海饮食与健康调查（SDHS）（2016 - 2017年）代表性样本的横断面数据进行二次分析。根据鱼类食物频率问卷（FFQ）和24小时回忆记录计算汞和DHA + EPA的膳食摄入量。在当地市场购买生鱼样本（上海59种常见鱼类），并测量其DHA、EPA和汞的浓度。采用粮农组织/世界卫生组织模型，通过净智商得分增加来评估人群层面的健康风险和益处。定义了推荐鱼类（即高DHA + EPA且低甲基汞含量），然后模拟每周食用1次、2次和3次时达到5.8智商得分增加的人群比例。

结果

上海孕妇鱼类和贝类的平均消费量为66.24克/天。上海最常食用鱼类中汞和EPA + DHA的平均浓度分别为0.179毫克/千克和0.374克/100克。只有1.4%的人群超过了甲基汞参考剂量0.1微克/千克·体重/天，而81.3%的人未达到25毫克EPA + DHA的推荐每日摄入量。在粮农组织/世界卫生组织模型中，28.4%的人群达到了最大智商得分增加。随着“推荐鱼类”消费量的增加，模拟的人群比例值分别提高到74.5%、87.3%和91.9%。