Häyry Matti
Philosophy of Management, Department of Management Studies, School of Business, Aalto University, FIN Aalto, Finland.
Camb Q Healthc Ethics. 2024 Apr;33(2):217-231. doi: 10.1017/S096318012300004X. Epub 2023 Feb 17.
This article presents a revised version of negative utilitarianism. Previous versions have relied on a hedonistic theory of value and stated that suffering should be minimized. The traditional rebuttal is that the doctrine in this form morally requires us to end all sentient life. To avoid this, a need-based theory of value is introduced. The frustration of the needs not to suffer and not to have one's autonomy dwarfed should, , be decreased. When decreasing the need frustration of some would increase the need frustration of others, the case is deferred and a fuller ethical analysis is conducted. The author's perceptions on murder, extinction, the right to die, antinatalism, veganism, and abortion are used to reach a reflective equilibrium. The new theory is then applied to consumerism, material growth, and power relations. The main finding is that the burden of proof should be on those who promote the
本文提出了一种负功利主义的修订版。以前的版本依赖于享乐主义的价值理论，并指出应将痛苦降至最低。传统的反驳观点是，这种形式的学说在道德上要求我们终结所有有感知能力的生命。为避免这一点，引入了一种基于需求的价值理论。不遭受痛苦以及不让自己的自主性被削弱的需求的受挫感应该被降低。当减少一些人的需求受挫感会增加其他人的需求受挫感时，该情况将被搁置，并进行更全面的伦理分析。作者对谋杀、物种灭绝、死亡权、反生育主义、素食主义和堕胎的看法被用于达成反思平衡。然后，新理论被应用于消费主义、物质增长和权力关系。主要发现是，举证责任应由那些提倡……的人承担
