() infection is a continuous challenge for both gastroenterologists and pediatricians. The international guidelines regarding diagnostic and treatment pathways differ between adults and children. The pediatric guidelines are more restrictive because children are rarely affected by serious consequences, particularly in Western countries. Therefore, infected children should be treated only after a careful case-by-case evaluation by a pediatric gastroenterologist. In any case, recent studies are confirming an increasingly all-around pathological role of even in asymptomatic children. For these reasons, following the current evidence, we feel that -infected children could be treated starting in pre-adolescence, particularly in Eastern countries, because their stomachs have already begun to develop the biomarkers of gastric damage. Therefore, we believe that is anyway pathogen in children. Nevertheless, the possible beneficial role of in humans has not yet been conclusively disproved.