Naha Aniket, Antony Sherly, Nath Soumitra, Sharma Dhrubjyoti, Mishra Anamika, Biju Devika T, Madhavan Aravind, Binod Parameswaran, Varjani Sunita, Sindhu Raveendran
Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thriuvalla-689 101, Kerala, India.
Department of Microbiology, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla-689 101, Kerala, India.
Environ Pollut. 2023 Apr 15;323:121274. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121274. Epub 2023 Feb 16.
Wastewater management has emerged as an uprising concern that demands immediate attention from environmentalists worldwide. Indiscriminate and irrational release of industrial and poultry wastes, sewage, pharmaceuticals, mining, pesticides, fertilizers, dyes and radioactive wastes, contribute immensely to water pollution. This has led to the aggravation of critical health concerns as evident from the uprising trends of antimicrobial resistance, and the presence of xenobiotics and pollutant traces in humans and animals due to the process of biomagnification. Therefore, the development of reliable, affordable and sustainable technologies for the supply of fresh water is the need of the hour. Conventional wastewater treatment often involves physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove solids from the effluent, including colloids, organic matter, nutrients, and soluble pollutants (metals, organics). Synthetic biology has been explored in recent years, incorporating both biological and engineering concepts to refine existing wastewater treatment technologies. In addition to outlining the benefits and drawbacks of the current technologies, this review addresses novel wastewater treatment techniques, especially those using dedicated rational design and engineering of organisms and their constituent parts. Furthermore, the review hypothesizes designing a multi-bedded wastewater treatment plant that is highly cost-efficient, sustainable and requires easy installation and handling. The novel setup envisages removing all the major wastewater pollutants, providing water fit for household, irrigation and storage purposes.
废水管理已成为一个日益引起关注的问题，需要全球环保主义者立即予以关注。工业和家禽废物、污水、药品、采矿、农药、化肥、染料和放射性废物的随意和不合理排放，对水污染造成了巨大影响。这导致了关键健康问题的加剧，抗菌耐药性的上升趋势以及生物放大过程导致人类和动物体内存在外源性物质和污染物痕迹就证明了这一点。因此，开发可靠、经济且可持续的淡水供应技术是当务之急。传统的废水处理通常涉及物理、化学和生物过程，以从废水中去除固体物质，包括胶体、有机物、营养物质和可溶性污染物（金属、有机物）。近年来人们探索了合成生物学，它融合了生物学和工程学概念以改进现有的废水处理技术。除了概述当前技术的优缺点外，本综述还讨论了新型废水处理技术，特别是那些使用专门的合理设计以及对生物体及其组成部分进行工程改造的技术。此外，该综述还设想设计一种多层废水处理厂，它具有高度的成本效益、可持续性，并且易于安装和操作。这种新型装置旨在去除所有主要的废水污染物，提供适合家庭、灌溉和储存用途的水。
