Holyavka M G, Goncharova S S, Redko Y A, Lavlinskaya M S, Sorokin A V, Artyukhov V G
Voronezh State University, Voronezh, 394018 Russia.
Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, 299053 Russia.
Biophys Rev. 2023 Oct 3;15(5):1127-1158. doi: 10.1007/s12551-023-01146-6. eCollection 2023 Oct.
In today's world, there is a wide array of materials engineered at the nano- and microscale, with numerous applications attributed to these innovations. This review aims to provide a concise overview of how nano- and micromaterials are utilized for enzyme immobilization. Enzymes act as eco-friendly biocatalysts extensively used in various industries and medicine. However, their widespread adoption faces challenges due to factors such as enzyme instability under different conditions, resulting in reduced effectiveness, high costs, and limited reusability. To address these issues, researchers have explored immobilization techniques using nano- and microscale materials as a potential solution. Such techniques offer the promise of enhancing enzyme stability against varying temperatures, solvents, pH levels, pollutants, and impurities. Consequently, enzyme immobilization remains a subject of great interest within both the scientific community and the industrial sector. As of now, the primary goal of enzyme immobilization is not solely limited to enabling reusability and stability. It has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to enhance various enzyme properties and improve biocatalyst performance and characteristics. The integration of nano- and microscale materials into biomedical devices is seamless, given the similarity in size to most biological systems. Common materials employed in developing these nanotechnology products include synthetic polymers, carbon-based nanomaterials, magnetic micro- and nanoparticles, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, nano-sized mesoporous hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks, protein-based nano-delivery systems, lipid-based nano- and micromaterials, and polysaccharide-based nanoparticles.
在当今世界，有各种各样在纳米和微米尺度上设计的材料，这些创新带来了众多应用。本综述旨在简要概述纳米材料和微米材料如何用于酶固定化。酶作为生态友好型生物催化剂，广泛应用于各个行业和医学领域。然而，由于在不同条件下酶的不稳定性等因素，其广泛应用面临挑战，导致效率降低、成本高昂且可重复使用性有限。为了解决这些问题，研究人员探索了使用纳米和微米尺度材料的固定化技术作为一种潜在解决方案。此类技术有望提高酶对不同温度、溶剂、pH值、污染物和杂质的稳定性。因此，酶固定化仍然是科学界和工业界都非常感兴趣的课题。截至目前，酶固定化的主要目标不仅限于实现可重复使用性和稳定性。它已被证明是一种增强各种酶特性、改善生物催化剂性能和特征的强大工具。鉴于纳米和微米尺度材料的尺寸与大多数生物系统相似，它们能够无缝集成到生物医学设备中。开发这些纳米技术产品常用的材料包括合成聚合物、碳基纳米材料、磁性微米和纳米颗粒、金属和金属氧化物纳米颗粒、金属有机框架、纳米尺寸的介孔氢键有机框架、基于蛋白质的纳米递送系统、基于脂质的纳米和微米材料以及基于多糖的纳米颗粒。
