Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports Sciences Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Computer Engineering and Systems, Women Studies Institute (IUEM), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain.
Sci Rep. 2023 Feb 20;13(1):2912. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-30173-2.
During COVID-19 pandemic, quality of living was impacted by social isolation, loneliness, and altered sleep habits. The aims of this study were (1) to examine the relationship between physical activity (PA) levels with insomnia and loneliness among adults during Spain's first COVID-19 wave of lockdown and its impact on women and (2) to examine the digital technologic resources used to support both PA and other recreational activities in women. A cross-sectional design was used. An anonymous 15-min online survey was conducted in Spain to adults (≥ 18 years old) during the first COVID-19 lockdown, a 40-day period. A snowball distribution method was employed using personal email and social networks (Facebook, Whatsapp, Linkedin, Twitter). Variables studied included: socio-demographic items, insomnia, loneliness, PA, and digital technologic resources. A total of 996 adults (females = 663, 66.6%) completed the survey. Higher education levels were associated with greater PA levels (p-value < 0.001). Women presented with higher insomnia risk than men with low PA levels (OR = 1.9, CI = 1.25; 2.95). Living with family members or other individuals was related to lower insomnia risk. A strong correlation between medium-high PA levels was found with greater digital technology resources (DTS) than individuals with low PA levels. Females used significantly more DTS than males (p-value < 0.001). No significant associations between DTS were found with age or academic education level. PA levels, sex, and loneliness were related to insomnia risk. A strong correlation between PA and DTS use was observed. Participants with medium-high PA levels and females use them more than those with low PA levels and males. We recommend promoting the PA through digital technologies for women. This recommendation would also improve sleep disorders in women who present higher insomnia risks than men.
在 COVID-19 大流行期间，社交隔离、孤独和睡眠习惯改变影响了生活质量。本研究的目的是：(1) 研究西班牙第一次 COVID-19 封锁期间成年人的体力活动(PA)水平与失眠和孤独之间的关系及其对女性的影响；(2) 研究用于支持女性 PA 和其他娱乐活动的数字技术资源。采用横断面设计。在西班牙第一次 COVID-19 封锁期间，对 40 天内≥18 岁的成年人进行了一项 15 分钟的匿名在线调查。采用雪球分发方法，通过个人电子邮件和社交网络（Facebook、Whatsapp、Linkedin、Twitter）分发问卷。研究变量包括：社会人口统计学项目、失眠、孤独、PA 和数字技术资源。共有 996 名成年人（女性=663，66.6%）完成了调查。较高的教育水平与较高的 PA 水平相关（p 值<0.001）。与低 PA 水平的男性相比，女性的失眠风险更高（OR=1.9，CI=1.25；2.95）。与家人或其他家庭成员一起生活与较低的失眠风险相关。中等至高 PA 水平与较高的数字技术资源（DTS）之间存在很强的相关性，而低 PA 水平的个体则较低。女性使用的 DTS 明显多于男性（p 值<0.001）。DTS 与年龄或学术教育水平之间无显著相关性。PA 水平、性别和孤独与失眠风险相关。PA 和 DTS 使用之间存在很强的相关性。中等至高 PA 水平的参与者和女性比低 PA 水平的参与者和男性使用更多的 DTS。我们建议通过数字技术促进女性的 PA。这一建议还将改善女性失眠风险高于男性的睡眠障碍。
