Grupo de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede de La Paz, La Paz, Colombia.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2023 Feb 20;108(4):744-754. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0569. Print 2023 Apr 5.
This study aimed to evaluate at a temporospatial scale, the influence of anthropogenic land cover changes in the Anopheles species community composition and diversity in two Colombian malaria-endemic regions, Bajo Cauca and Pacific. To determine variations over time, mosquitoes were collected in two time periods; land cover types were characterized on orthorectified aerial photographs, and landscape metrics were estimated for each locality and period. A temporal dissimilarity analysis to evaluated species replacement and the nestedness species loss/gain showed the influence of the species loss or gain component on Anopheles species assemblage (23%). The relationship between land cover variation and Anopheles beta diversity, evaluated by regression analysis, showed the effect of forest variation in the Anopheles community (βsim and forest r2 = 0.9323; βsne and forest r2 = 0.9425). Furthermore, a canonical correspondence analysis showed that the land cover types associated with Anopheles species presence were bare soil, shrub, wet areas, and forest. Results demonstrated the impact of land cover changes attributed to human activities on Anopheles population dynamics, over time; this was evidenced as species loss or gain, which was specific to each locality. Notably, the main malaria vectors were dominant in most localities over time, suggesting their tolerance to anthropogenic transformations; alternatively, the environmental changes are providing adequate ecological conditions for their persistence. Finally, the data generated are relevant for understanding the impact that environmental change may have on the dynamics of the neotropical malaria vectors. Thus, this research has potential implications for vector control interventions.
本研究旨在从时空尺度上评估人为土地覆盖变化对哥伦比亚两个疟疾流行地区（下考卡和太平洋地区）按蚊种群组成和多样性的影响。为了确定时间变化，在两个时间段内收集了蚊子；对正射航空照片进行了土地覆盖类型特征描述，并为每个地点和时间段估算了景观指标。通过时间不相似性分析评估了物种更替和嵌套物种损失/增益，结果表明物种损失或增益成分对按蚊种组合的影响（23%）。通过回归分析评估土地覆盖变化与按蚊β多样性之间的关系，结果表明森林变化对按蚊群落的影响（βsim 和森林 r2 = 0.9323；βsne 和森林 r2 = 0.9425）。此外，典范对应分析表明与按蚊种存在相关的土地覆盖类型是裸土、灌木、湿地和森林。结果表明，随着时间的推移，人类活动引起的土地覆盖变化对按蚊种群动态产生了影响；这表现为特定于每个地点的物种损失或增益。值得注意的是，主要的疟疾传播媒介在大多数地方随着时间的推移一直占据主导地位，这表明它们对人为变化具有耐受性；或者，环境变化为它们的持续存在提供了足够的生态条件。最后，生成的数据对于理解环境变化可能对新热带疟疾传播媒介动态产生的影响具有重要意义。因此，这项研究对媒介控制干预具有潜在意义。
