Biomimetic and Biohybrid Materials, Biomedical Devices, and Drug Delivery Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA.
J Mater Chem B. 2023 Mar 8;11(10):2078-2094. doi: 10.1039/d2tb02325c.
Research of nanoscale nucleic acid carriers has garnered attention in recent years due to their distinctive and controllable properties. However, current knowledge is limited in how we can efficiently utilize these systems for clinical applications. Several researchers have pioneered new and innovative nanocarrier drug delivery systems, but understanding physiochemical properties and behavior is vital to implementing them as clinical drug delivery platforms. In this review, we outline the most significant innovations in the synthesis, physical properties, and utilization of nucleic acid nanocarriers in the past 5 years, addressing the crucial properties which improve nanocarrier characteristics, delivery, and drug release. The challenges of controlling the transport of nucleic acid nanocarriers and therapeutic release for biological applications are outlined. Barriers which inhibit effective transport into tissue are discussed with emphasis on the modifications needed to overcome such obstacles. The novel strategies discussed in this work summarize the pivotal features of modern nucleic nanocarriers and postulate where future developments could revolutionize the translation of these tools into a clinical setting.
近年来，由于纳米核酸载体具有独特和可控的性质，因此受到了广泛关注。然而，目前我们对于如何有效地将这些系统应用于临床应用知之甚少。一些研究人员开创了新型创新的纳米载体药物传递系统，但了解物理化学性质和行为对于将它们作为临床药物传递平台至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们概述了过去 5 年中核酸纳米载体在合成、物理性质和应用方面的最重要创新，解决了改善纳米载体特性、传递和药物释放的关键性质。我们还概述了控制核酸纳米载体的传输和用于生物应用的治疗性释放的挑战。讨论了抑制有效进入组织的运输的障碍，并强调了克服这些障碍所需的修饰。本文讨论的新策略总结了现代核酸纳米载体的关键特征，并提出了未来的发展方向，这些发展可能会将这些工具转化为临床应用。
