Cuevas Pedro L, Aellos Fabiana, Dawid Isaiah M, Helms Jill A
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.
Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2023 Apr;21(2):228-240. doi: 10.1007/s11914-023-00775-w. Epub 2023 Feb 21.
There is a growing appreciation within the scientific community that cells exhibit regional variation. Whether the variation is attributable to differences in embryonic origin or anatomical location and mechanical loading has not been elucidated; what is clear, however, is that adult cells carry positional information that ultimately affects their functions. The purpose of this review is to highlight the functions of osteocytes in the craniomaxillofacial (CMF) skeleton as opposed to elsewhere in the body, and in doing so gain mechanistic insights into genetic conditions and chemically-induced diseases that particularly affect this region of our anatomy.
In the CMF skeleton, elevated Wnt/β-catenin signaling affects not only bone mass and volume, but also mineralization of the canalicular network and osteocyte lacunae. Aberrant elevation in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway can also produce micropetrosis and osteonecrosis of CMF bone, presumably due to a disruption in the signaling network that connects osteocytes to one another, and to osteoblasts on the bone surface.
科学界越来越认识到细胞存在区域差异。这种差异是归因于胚胎起源、解剖位置还是机械负荷的不同尚未阐明；然而，清楚的是成体细胞携带最终会影响其功能的位置信息。本综述的目的是强调颅颌面（CMF）骨骼中骨细胞的功能，与身体其他部位的骨细胞功能相对比，并借此深入了解特别影响我们这一解剖区域的遗传疾病和化学诱导疾病的发病机制。
在CMF骨骼中，Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号通路的增强不仅影响骨量和骨体积，还影响骨小管网络和骨细胞陷窝的矿化。Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号通路的异常增强还可导致CMF骨的微石化和骨坏死，推测是由于连接骨细胞相互之间以及与骨表面成骨细胞的信号网络受到破坏所致。
