Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
Pain Med. 2023 Jul 5;24(7):862-871. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnad020.
Prayer is a devotional practice used across religious traditions to commune with the sacred and has been used as a coping strategy for pain. Previous research on prayer as a pain coping strategy has had mixed results, with prayer associated with both greater and lesser pain depending on prayer type. To date, there has been only 1 measure of pain-related prayer, the prayer subscale of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire-Revised, which measures solely passive prayer, neglecting other types of prayer (eg, active and neutral). To better understand the relationship between pain and prayer, a comprehensive measure of prayer for pain is needed. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Pain-related PRAYER Scale (PPRAYERS), a questionnaire exploring active, passive, and neutral petitionary prayers to God or a higher power in response to pain.
Adults with chronic pain (n = 411) completed demographic, health, and pain-related questionnaires, including PPRAYERS.
Results of an exploratory factor analysis yielded a 3-factor structure consistent with active, passive, and neutral subscales. A confirmatory factor analysis resulted in adequate fit after the removal of 5 items. PPRAYERS showed good internal consistency and convergent and discriminant validity.
These results provide preliminary validation for PPRAYERS, a novel measure for pain-related prayer.
祈祷是一种跨宗教传统的虔诚实践，被用作应对疼痛的应对策略。之前关于祈祷作为一种应对疼痛策略的研究结果喜忧参半，取决于祈祷的类型，祈祷与更大或更小的疼痛有关。迄今为止，只有一种与疼痛相关的祈祷衡量标准，即修订后的应对策略问卷的祈祷子量表，该量表仅衡量被动祈祷，忽略了其他类型的祈祷（例如，主动和中性）。为了更好地理解疼痛与祈祷之间的关系，需要一种全面的疼痛祈祷衡量标准。本研究旨在开发和验证与疼痛相关的祈祷量表（PPRAYERS），这是一个探索在疼痛时向神或更高力量进行积极、消极和中性祈求的问卷。
患有慢性疼痛的成年人（n=411）完成了人口统计学、健康和与疼痛相关的问卷，包括 PPRAYERS。
探索性因素分析的结果得出了与积极、消极和中性分量表一致的 3 因素结构。在删除 5 个项目后，验证性因素分析得出了足够的拟合度。PPRAYERS 表现出良好的内部一致性以及收敛和区分效度。
这些结果初步验证了 PPRAYERS，这是一种与疼痛相关的祈祷的新衡量标准。
