Department of Plant Pathology, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal, Iran.
Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal, Iran.
PLoS One. 2023 Feb 21;18(2):e0281982. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281982. eCollection 2023.
Auricularia cornea Ehrenb (syn. A. polytricha) is a wood-decaying fungi known as black ear mushroom. Earlike gelatinous fruiting body distinguishes them from other fungi. Industrial wastes have the potential to be used as the basic substrate to produce mushrooms. Therefore, 16 substrate formulations were prepared from different ratios of beech (BS) and hornbeam sawdust (HS) supplemented with wheat (WB) and rice brans (RB). The pH and initial moisture content of substrate mixtures were adjusted to 6.5 and 70%, respectively. The comparison of in vitro growth characteristics of the fungal mycelia under the different temperatures (25, 28, and 30°C), and culture media [yeast extract agar (YEA), potato extract agar (PEA), malt extract agar (MEA), and also HS and BS extract agar media supplemented with maltose, dextrose, and fructose revealed that the highest mycelial growth rate (MGR; 7.5 mm/day) belonged to HS and BS extract agar media supplemented with three mentioned sugar at 28°C. In A. cornea spawn study, the substrate combination of BS (70%) + WB (30%) at 28°C and moisture contents of 75% displayed the highest mean MGR (9.3 mm/day) and lowest spawn run period (9.0 days). In the bag test, "BS (70%) + WB (30%)" was the best substrate displaying the shortest spawn run period (19.7 days), and the highest fresh sporophore yield (131.7 g/bag), biological efficiency (53.1%) and number of basidiocarp (9.0/bag) of A. cornea. Also, A. cornea cultivation was processed to model yield, biological efficiency (BE), spawn run period (SRP), days for pinhead formation (DPHF), days for the first harvest (DFFH), and total cultivation period (TCP) by multilayer perceptron-genetic algorithm (MLP-GA). MLP-GA (0.81-0.99) exhibited a higher predictive ability than stepwise regression (0.06-0.58). The forecasted values of the output variables were in good accordance with their observed ones corroborating the good competency of established MLP-GA models. MLP-GA modeling exhibited a powerful tool for forecasting and thus selecting the optimal substrate for maximum A. cornea production.
银耳（Auricularia cornea Ehrenb）（同义词：A. polytricha）是一种木腐真菌，被称为黑木耳。其耳状胶质的子实体使其与其他真菌区分开来。工业废料有可能被用作生产蘑菇的基本基质。因此，我们从不同比例的山毛榉（BS）和梣木锯末（HS）中制备了 16 种基质配方，同时添加了小麦（WB）和米糠（RB）。基质混合物的 pH 和初始含水量分别调整至 6.5 和 70%。在不同温度（25、28 和 30°C）和培养基[酵母提取物琼脂（YEA）、马铃薯提取物琼脂（PEA）、麦芽提取物琼脂（MEA）以及补充了麦芽糖、葡萄糖和果糖的 HS 和 BS 提取物琼脂培养基]下比较了真菌菌丝的体外生长特性，结果表明，在 28°C 时，HS 和 BS 提取物琼脂培养基中补充三种糖的菌丝生长率（MGR；7.5mm/天）最高。在银耳孢子体研究中，在 28°C 下，BS（70%）+WB（30%）和 75%的含水量的基质组合显示出最高的平均 MGR（9.3mm/天）和最短的孢子体生长周期（9.0 天）。在袋试验中，“BS（70%）+WB（30%）”是最好的基质，其孢子体生长周期最短（19.7 天），新鲜孢子体产量最高（131.7g/袋），生物效率（53.1%）和担子果数量（9.0/袋）最高。此外，通过多层感知机-遗传算法（MLP-GA）对银耳的栽培进行了建模，以预测产量、生物效率（BE）、孢子体生长周期（SRP）、原基形成天数（DPHF）、第一次收获天数（DFFH）和总栽培周期（TCP）。MLP-GA（0.81-0.99）的预测能力明显高于逐步回归（0.06-0.58）。输出变量的预测值与观测值吻合较好，表明建立的 MLP-GA 模型具有较好的性能。MLP-GA 建模是一种强大的预测工具，可用于选择最佳基质，以获得最大的银耳产量。
