Carey Cassandra N, Paquette Melanie, Sahye-Pudaruth Sandhya, Dadvar Abolfazl, Dinh Dorothy, Khodabandehlou Khosrow, Liang Fred, Mishra Ekta, Sidhu Mandeep, Brown Ramon, Tandon Shilpa, Wanyan Jessica, Bazinet Richard P, Hanley Anthony J, Malik Vasanti, Sievenpiper John L, Jenkins David Ja
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Nutr. 2023 Mar;153(3):857-869. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.02.001. Epub 2023 Feb 6.
A large part of the existential threat associated with climate change is the result of current human feeding patterns. Over the last decade, research evaluating the diet-related environmental impacts of plant-based diets has emerged, and a synthesis of the available data is now due.
The objectives of the study were as follows: 1) to compile and summarize the literature on diet-related environmental impacts of plant-based dietary patterns; 2) to assess the nature of the data on impacts of plant-based dietary patterns on both environmental parameters and health (e.g., if land use is reduced for a particular diet, is cancer risk also reduced?); and 3) to determine where sufficient data exist for meta-analyses, in addition to identifying gaps within the literature.
Global peer-reviewed studies on the environmental impacts of plant-based diets were searched in Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science. After removing duplicates, the screening identified 1553 records. After 2 stages of independent review by 2 reviewers, 65 records met the inclusion criteria and were eligible to be used in synthesis.
Evidence suggests that plant-based diets may offer lower greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs), land use, and biodiversity loss than offered by standard diets; however, the impact on water and energy use may depend on the types of plant-based foods consumed. Further, the studies were consistent in demonstrating that plant-based dietary patterns that reduce diet-related mortality also promote environmental sustainability.
Overall, there was agreement across the studies regarding the impact of plant-based dietary patterns on GHGE, land used, and biodiversity loss despite varied plant-based diets assessed.
与气候变化相关的生存威胁很大一部分是当前人类饮食模式造成的。在过去十年中，评估植物性饮食对环境影响的研究不断涌现，现在需要对现有数据进行综合分析。
本研究的目的如下：1）汇编和总结关于植物性饮食模式对环境影响的文献；2）评估植物性饮食模式对环境参数和健康影响的数据性质（例如，如果特定饮食减少了土地使用，癌症风险是否也会降低？）；3）确定哪些地方有足够的数据进行荟萃分析，并找出文献中的空白。
在Ovid MEDLINE、EMBASE和科学网中检索关于植物性饮食对环境影响的全球同行评审研究。去除重复记录后，筛选出1553条记录。经过两位评审员的两个阶段独立评审，65条记录符合纳入标准，有资格用于综合分析。
有证据表明，与标准饮食相比，植物性饮食可能产生更低的温室气体排放、土地使用和生物多样性损失；然而，对水和能源使用的影响可能取决于所消费的植物性食物类型。此外，研究一致表明，降低与饮食相关死亡率的植物性饮食模式也促进了环境可持续性。
总体而言，尽管评估的植物性饮食各不相同，但各项研究在植物性饮食模式对温室气体排放、土地使用和生物多样性损失的影响方面达成了共识。
