Ekholuenetale Michael, Nzoputam Chimezie Igwegbe, Okonji Osaretin Christabel, Barrow Amadou, Wegbom Anthony Ike, Edet Clement Kevin
University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Glob Pediatr Health. 2023 Feb 17;10:2333794X231156715. doi: 10.1177/2333794X231156715. eCollection 2023.
We investigated the prevalence and risk factors of ARI in children under 5 years old in 37 SSA countries.
Data from Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of 37 African countries was examined in this analysis. Data from children under the age of 5 years old were examined. Forest plot was used to identify disparities in the occurrence of ARIs across SSA countries.
We observed a higher prevalence of ARI among children under 5 in Uganda, Kenya, Sao Tome and Principe (9% each), Gabon, Chad, Eswatini (8% each), Burundi, Ethiopia, Congo Democratic Republic (7.0% each). The prevalence of ARI among under-five children who sought medical advice/treatment from health facility was higher in South Africa (88%), Sierra Leone (86%), Tanzanian (85%), Guinea (83%) and Uganda (80%). The prevalence rate of ARI among under-five children who received antibiotics was higher in Tanzania (61%), Sao Tome and Principe (60%), Rwanda and Congo (58% each), Angola (56.0%), Mozambique (54.0%), Kenya (53.0%), Namibia (52.0%) and Gabon (50.0%). This study found that the household wealth index, maternal education, and urban residence were significantly associated with ARI (p <0.001). A higher prevalence of ARI was observed among urban residents, low income families, and those with mothers with lower education.
ARI prevalence could be reduced by improving household socioeconomic status, child nutrition and community awareness of indoor and outdoor pollution. Interventions and programs focused on early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of ARIs are crucial in reducing ARIs particularly in developing countries.
我们调查了37个撒哈拉以南非洲国家5岁以下儿童急性呼吸道感染（ARI）的患病率及危险因素。
本分析研究了37个非洲国家人口与健康调查（DHS）的数据。对5岁以下儿童的数据进行了研究。采用森林图来确定撒哈拉以南非洲国家间ARI发病情况的差异。
我们观察到乌干达、肯尼亚、圣多美和普林西比5岁以下儿童中ARI患病率较高（均为9%），加蓬、乍得、斯威士兰（均为8%），布隆迪、埃塞俄比亚、刚果民主共和国（均为7.0%）。在南非（88%）、塞拉利昂（86%）、坦桑尼亚（85%）、几内亚（83%）和乌干达（80%），前往医疗机构寻求医疗建议/治疗的5岁以下儿童中ARI患病率较高。在坦桑尼亚（61%）、圣多美和普林西比（60%）、卢旺达和刚果（均为58%）、安哥拉（56.0%）、莫桑比克（54.0%）、肯尼亚（53.0%）、纳米比亚（52.0%）和加蓬（50.0%），接受抗生素治疗的5岁以下儿童中ARI患病率较高。本研究发现家庭财富指数、母亲教育程度和城市居住情况与ARI显著相关（p<0.001）。城市居民、低收入家庭以及母亲教育程度较低的家庭中ARI患病率较高。
通过改善家庭社会经济状况、儿童营养以及社区对室内外污染的认识，可以降低ARI患病率。专注于ARI早期诊断、治疗和预防的干预措施和项目对于降低ARI至关重要，尤其是在发展中国家。
