Nephrology Ward, Jinnah Teaching Hospital, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Pakistan.
District Headquarters DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Int J Clin Pract. 2023 Feb 13;2023:7418857. doi: 10.1155/2023/7418857. eCollection 2023.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are mostly managed with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). ESRD patients on MHD also present with many complications, such as anemia, hyperparathyroidism, and hepatitis prevalence. This study depicts the real-world scenario of anemia among MHD and end-stage renal disease patients in the Pakistani population. A retrospective, multicentric, and real-world data analytical study was conducted at 4 dialysis centers in Pakistan. The study had a sample size of = 342 patients on maintenance hemodialysis. The data were gathered from the medical records of patients. Data analysis was performed using STATA Version 16. Statistical significance was gauged at a 0.05 level of significance. According to our results, the mean age of the patients was 45 (±15) years. Most of the patients were male ( = 234, 68.4%), whereas 58.1% of the patients were maintained on twice-weekly hemodialysis. The most commonly reported comorbidities were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The frequency of dialysis ( < 0.01) and comorbidities ( = 0.009) had a significant association with anemia in MHD patients. The majority of the patients had hyperparathyroidism (52%) with anemia. Upon performing binary logistic regression, multivariate analysis displayed a similar odds value for having anemia in patients with every additional month in the duration of hemodialysis (OR 1.01, = 0.001), the odds of anemic patients having a positive antihepatitis-C antibody (OR 2.22, = 0.013), and the odds of having anemia in patients in the age category below 45 years (OR 1.93, = 0.013). In conclusion, the study results depict that every additional month in the duration of hemodialysis, age (<45 years), and positive anti-HCV antibody status, these variables were more likely to have anemia in our study MHD patients. While in our final multivariate model, no statistically significant association was observed between hyperparathyroidism and anemia.
终末期肾病（ESRD）患者主要接受维持性血液透析（MHD）治疗。接受 MHD 的 ESRD 患者也会出现许多并发症，如贫血、甲状旁腺功能亢进和肝炎流行。本研究描述了巴基斯坦 MHD 和终末期肾病患者贫血的真实世界情况。在巴基斯坦的 4 家透析中心进行了一项回顾性、多中心、真实世界数据分析研究。该研究的样本量为 342 名接受维持性血液透析的患者。数据来自患者的病历。使用 STATA 版本 16 进行数据分析。以 0.05 的显著性水平衡量统计显著性。根据我们的结果，患者的平均年龄为 45（±15）岁。大多数患者为男性（ = 234，68.4%），而 58.1%的患者接受每周两次血液透析。最常见的报告合并症是高血压和糖尿病。透析频率（ < 0.01）和合并症（ = 0.009）与 MHD 患者贫血有显著关联。大多数患者（52%）患有甲状旁腺功能亢进和贫血。进行二元逻辑回归后，多变量分析显示，血液透析时间每增加一个月，患者发生贫血的可能性相似（OR 1.01， = 0.001），抗丙型肝炎病毒抗体阳性的贫血患者的可能性（OR 2.22， = 0.013），年龄在 45 岁以下的贫血患者的可能性（OR 1.93， = 0.013）。总之，研究结果表明，血液透析时间每增加一个月、年龄（<45 岁）和抗 HCV 抗体阳性状态，这些变量在我们的研究 MHD 患者中更容易发生贫血。然而，在我们的最终多变量模型中，甲状旁腺功能亢进和贫血之间没有观察到统计学上的显著关联。
