Schumaker J F
Department of Psychology, Warrnambool Institute, Victoria, Australia.
J Psychol. 1987 Sep;121(5):451-7. doi: 10.1080/00223980.1987.9915499.
The present study examined the relationship between religious and nonreligious paranormal beliefs and mental health, as well as the possibility that nonreligious subjects compensate for a lack of identification with traditional religion by increased nonreligious paranormal beliefs. Subjects were 80 undergraduates categorized as religious or nonreligious on the basis of scores on the Traditional Religion subscale of the Paranormal Belief Scale. Religious subjects had significantly higher total paranormal belief scores than nonreligious subjects. Those adopting religious paranormal beliefs were actually somewhat more likely to adopt other nonreligious paranormal beliefs. The failure of nonreligious subjects to compensate fully for this traditional religious belief deficit was reflected in their mental health ratings on the Langer's Mental Health Scale (Langer, 1962). Paranormal beliefs were found to be negatively correlated with reported symptoms of psychopathology, supporting the formulation that paranormal beliefs may serve to ensure psychic integrity by acting as "self-serving cognitive biases."
本研究考察了宗教和非宗教超自然信念与心理健康之间的关系，以及非宗教受试者通过增加非宗教超自然信念来弥补对传统宗教认同感缺失的可能性。研究对象为80名本科生，根据超自然信念量表中传统宗教分量表的得分分为宗教组或非宗教组。宗教组受试者的超自然信念总分显著高于非宗教组受试者。那些持有宗教超自然信念的人实际上更有可能持有其他非宗教超自然信念。非宗教受试者未能完全弥补这种传统宗教信仰缺失的情况，反映在他们在兰格心理健康量表（Langer，1962）上的心理健康评分中。研究发现，超自然信念与所报告的精神病理学症状呈负相关，支持了超自然信念可能通过充当“自我服务认知偏差”来确保心理完整性的观点。
