Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Front Public Health. 2023 Feb 2;11:923133. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.923133. eCollection 2023.
Studies have shown that young maternal age at childbirth can increase the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring, but a study of the U.S. population has not been reported. Moreover, there is no reported research on young and advanced maternal age at childbirth and whether it can contribute to the risk of learning disability (LD) in offspring.
This study evaluated the association between young and advanced maternal age at childbirth and offspring risk of ADHD and LD in the U.S. population. Using data from 8,098 participants included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted in 1999-2004, we analyzed the association between maternal age at childbirth and ADHD and LD risk in offspring. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for maternal age at childbirth in association with ADHD and LD risk in offspring were estimated using multivariate logistic regression models after adjustment for age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), poverty income ratio, smoking status during pregnancy, and NHANES cycle. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to evaluate potential non-linear relationships. Sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the reliability of the results.
Among all participants, the offspring of subjects with a maternal age at childbirth of 18-24 years had an increased risk of ADHD (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.79) and LD (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.79) or either ADHD or LD (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.81). Additionally, compared with subjects with a maternal age at childbirth of 25-29 years, subjects with a maternal age at childbirth of 35-39 years had lower odds of having offspring with ADHD (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.36, 1.00) and higher odds of having offspring with LD (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.78). The relationship between maternal age at childbirth and LD risk presented a -shaped curve.
These results provide epidemiological evidence showing that young and advanced maternal age at childbirth are associated with ADHD and LD risk.
研究表明，产妇分娩时的年龄较小会增加后代患注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的风险，但尚未有针对美国人群的研究报道。此外，也没有研究报道产妇分娩时年龄较年轻和高龄与后代学习障碍（LD）风险之间的关系。
本研究评估了美国人群中产妇分娩时年龄较小和高龄与后代患 ADHD 和 LD 风险之间的关系。利用 1999-2004 年全国健康和营养调查（NHANES）中纳入的 8098 名参与者的数据，我们分析了产妇分娩时的年龄与后代患 ADHD 和 LD 风险之间的关系。采用多元逻辑回归模型，在调整了年龄、性别、种族、体重指数（BMI）、贫困收入比、妊娠期间吸烟状况和 NHANES 周期后，估计了产妇分娩时的年龄与后代患 ADHD 和 LD 风险之间的比值比（OR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。采用限制性三次样条（RCS）模型评估潜在的非线性关系。进行敏感性分析以确保结果的可靠性。
在所有参与者中，产妇分娩时年龄为 18-24 岁的子女患 ADHD（OR=1.34，95%CI：1.01，1.79）和 LD（OR=1.36，95%CI：1.06，1.79）或 ADHD 和 LD（OR=1.48，95%CI：1.20，1.81）的风险增加。此外，与产妇分娩时年龄为 25-29 岁的子女相比，产妇分娩时年龄为 35-39 岁的子女患 ADHD 的可能性较低（OR=0.60，95%CI：0.36，1.00），患 LD 的可能性较高（OR=1.34，95%CI：1.01，1.78）。产妇分娩时的年龄与 LD 风险之间的关系呈倒“U”型曲线。
这些结果提供了流行病学证据，表明产妇分娩时的年龄较小和高龄与 ADHD 和 LD 风险相关。
