National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Food Allergy Center and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2023 Apr;11(4):988-996. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.02.010. Epub 2023 Feb 22.
Oral food challenges (OFCs) are currently the definitive diagnostic procedure in food allergy. Their design has evolved over the decades to maximize safety, optimize convenience, and address several specific clinical questions. However, they are a resource-intensive investigation that carry a risk for severe allergic reaction in which fatal outcomes, although rare, have been reported. In this review, we explore the many roles that OFC fulfil in the clinical and research settings. We also discuss progress that has been made in developing alternative diagnostic tools and how far these have reached in offering a viable replacement to OFC in clinical practice. Finally, we discuss the ongoing importance of research OFC to improve the future diagnostic capabilities of novel diagnostic tools.
口服食物挑战（OFCs）目前是食物过敏的明确诊断程序。几十年来，它们的设计不断发展，以最大限度地提高安全性、优化便利性，并解决几个具体的临床问题。然而，它们是一种资源密集型的调查，存在严重过敏反应的风险，尽管罕见，但已有报道。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了 OFC 在临床和研究环境中所扮演的多种角色。我们还讨论了在开发替代诊断工具方面取得的进展，以及这些工具在临床实践中替代 OFC 的可行性。最后，我们讨论了研究 OFC 对提高新型诊断工具未来诊断能力的持续重要性。
