CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
NanoImpact. 2023 Apr;30:100457. doi: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100457. Epub 2023 Feb 23.
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are stimuli-responsive anionic nanoclays. The vast possibilities of using LDHs can lead to their existence in the ecosystem, raising a question of potential ecological concern. However, little is known about the effect of these nanomaterials on freshwater organisms. The present study aimed to assess the ecotoxicological effects of Zinc-Aluminium LDH-nitrate (ZnAl LDH-NO) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stages. The endpoints measured were mortality, malformations and hatching rate after exposure of D. rerio embryos and larvae to ZnAl LDH-NO following the OECD 236 guideline. The behavioral, biochemical (markers of oxidative stress and neurotoxicity), and molecular (at DNA level) alterations were also assessed using sub-lethal concentrations. No observable acute effects were detected up to 415.2 mg LDH/L while the 96 h-LC was estimated as 559.9 mg/L. Tested LDH caused malformations in D. rerio embryos, such as pericardial edema, incomplete yolk sac absorption and tail deformities (96 h-EC = 172.4 mg/L). During the dark periods, the locomotor behavior in zebrafish larvae was affected upon ZnAl LDH-NO exposure. However, no significant biochemical and molecular changes were recorded. The present findings suggest that ZnAl LDH-NO can be regarded as a non-toxic nanomaterial towards D. rerio (E/LC > > 100 mg/L) although impairment of the locomotion behavior on zebrafish embryos can be expected at concentrations below 100 mg/L.
层状双氢氧化物（LDHs）是一种对刺激有响应的阴离子纳米粘土。由于 LDHs 的广泛应用可能性，它们可能存在于生态系统中，这引发了潜在生态关注的问题。然而，对于这些纳米材料对淡水生物的影响知之甚少。本研究旨在评估锌铝层状双氢氧化物-硝酸盐（ZnAl LDH-NO）在斑马鱼（Danio rerio）早期生命阶段的生态毒理学效应。根据 OECD 236 指南，在暴露于 ZnAl LDH-NO 后，测量斑马鱼胚胎和幼虫的死亡率、畸形率和孵化率作为终点。还使用亚致死浓度评估了行为、生化（氧化应激和神经毒性标志物）和分子（在 DNA 水平）的变化。在 415.2 mg LDH/L 时未观察到明显的急性影响，而 96 h-LC 估计为 559.9 mg/L。测试的 LDH 导致斑马鱼胚胎出现畸形，如心包水肿、不完全卵黄囊吸收和尾巴畸形（96 h-EC = 172.4 mg/L）。在黑暗时期，斑马鱼幼虫的运动行为在暴露于 ZnAl LDH-NO 后受到影响。然而，没有记录到明显的生化和分子变化。本研究结果表明，ZnAl LDH-NO 可被视为对斑马鱼（E/LC > > 100 mg/L）无毒的纳米材料，尽管在低于 100 mg/L 的浓度下可能会损害斑马鱼胚胎的运动行为。
