Wang Congyu, Peng Kaiping
College of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China.
School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2023 Jan 21;13(2):89. doi: 10.3390/bs13020089.
Artificial intelligence is becoming a potential outgroup of humans, which, according to social identity theory, may make humanity more salient. To explore how identification with humankind correlates to being exposed to artificial intelligence, we developed an AI Experience Questionnaire to measure this relationship and demonstrated that AI experience positively predicted human identity (Study 1a, = 806). This correlation held when controlling for AI threats, educational level, international mobility experience, gender, and age (Study 2, = 981, = 27.55 ± 6.74; 448 males, 533 females). Study 1a also demonstrated that AI awareness-consisting of perceived anthropomorphism and perceived proximity-mediated the relationship between AI experience and human identity. This mediation model was replicated half a year later (Study 1b, = 886). Moreover, a moderation analysis demonstrated that for both Easterners and Westerners, the correlation between AI experience and human identity was significantly positive; however, Western culture amplified the correlation (Study 3; = 177, = 32.35 ± 10.99; 90 Easterners, 87 Westerners). To conclude, persons with more AI experience may be more inclined to perceive AI as an outgroup of humans, and therefore AI experience positively predicts identification with humankind.
人工智能正成为人类潜在的外群体，根据社会认同理论，这可能会使人类身份更加凸显。为了探究对人类的认同与接触人工智能之间的关联，我们编制了一份人工智能体验问卷来衡量这种关系，并证明人工智能体验能正向预测人类身份认同（研究1a，N = 806）。在控制了人工智能威胁、教育水平、国际流动经历、性别和年龄后，这种相关性依然成立（研究2，N = 981，M = 27.55 ± 6.74；男性448名，女性533名）。研究1a还表明，由感知拟人化和感知亲近感构成的人工智能意识在人工智能体验与人类身份认同之间起中介作用。半年后重复了这一中介模型（研究1b，N = 886）。此外，一项调节分析表明，对于东方人和西方人来说，人工智能体验与人类身份认同之间的相关性均显著为正；然而，西方文化增强了这种相关性（研究3；N = 177，M = 32.35 ± 10.99；东方人90名，西方人87名）。总之，拥有更多人工智能体验的人可能更倾向于将人工智能视为人类的外群体，因此人工智能体验能正向预测对人类的认同。
