Zhou Yuwei, Shi Yichuan, Lu Wei, Wan Fang
Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Fudan University Sports Medicine Institute, Shanghai, China.
Front Psychol. 2022 May 3;13:866124. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.866124. eCollection 2022.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become one of the core driving forces for the future development of the medical industry, but patients are skeptical about the use of AI in medical care. Based on the intergroup threat theory (ITT), this study verified that patients would regard AI as an external group, triggering the perceived threat of the external group, which results in avoidance behaviors in the treatment (experiment 1: = 446) and diagnosis (experiment 2: = 330) scenarios. The results show that despite AI can provide expert-level accuracy in medical care, patients are still more likely to rely on human doctors and experience more negative emotions as AI is more involved in medical care (experiment 1). Furthermore, patients pay more attention to threats at the individual level related to themselves, such as realistic threats related to privacy issues and symbolic threats related to the neglect of personal characteristics. In contrast, realistic threats and symbolic threats at the group level had less effect on patients in the medical scenario (experiment 2).
人工智能（AI）已成为医疗行业未来发展的核心驱动力之一，但患者对AI在医疗护理中的应用持怀疑态度。基于群体间威胁理论（ITT），本研究证实，患者会将AI视为外部群体，引发对外群体的感知威胁，从而导致在治疗场景（实验1：n = 446）和诊断场景（实验2：n = 330）中的回避行为。结果表明，尽管AI在医疗护理中能提供专家级的准确性，但随着AI更多地参与医疗护理，患者仍然更倾向于依赖人类医生，并体验到更多负面情绪（实验1）。此外，患者更关注与自身相关的个体层面的威胁，例如与隐私问题相关的现实威胁以及与个人特征被忽视相关的象征性威胁。相比之下，群体层面上的现实威胁和象征性威胁对医疗场景中的患者影响较小（实验2）。
