Shamim Athar, Ali Asgar, Iqbal Zeenat, Mirza Mohd Aamir, Aqil Mohd, Kawish S M, Siddiqui Ayesha, Kumar Vijay, Naseef Punnoth Poonkuzhi, Alshadidi Abdulkhaliq Ali F, Saheer Kuruniyan Mohamed
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Moulana College of Pharmacy, Perinthalmanna 679321, India.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Feb 2;12(2):299. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12020299.
Studies on biofilm-related infections are gaining prominence owing to their involvement in most clinical infections and seriously threatening global public health. A biofilm is a natural form of bacterial growth ubiquitous in ecological niches, considered to be a generic survival mechanism adopted by both pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms and entailing heterogeneous cell development within the matrix. In the ecological niche, quorum sensing is a communication channel that is crucial to developing biofilms. Biofilm formation leads to increased resistance to unfavourable ecological effects, comprising resistance to antibiotics and antimicrobial agents. Biofilms are frequently combated with modern conventional medicines such as antibiotics, but at present, they are considered inadequate for the treatment of multi-drug resistance; therefore, it is vital to discover some new antimicrobial agents that can prevent the production and growth of biofilm, in addition to minimizing the side effects of such therapies. In the search for some alternative and safe therapies, natural plant-derived phytomedicines are gaining popularity among the research community. Phytomedicines are natural agents derived from natural plants. These plant-derived agents may include flavonoids, terpenoids, lectins, alkaloids, polypeptides, polyacetylenes, phenolics, and essential oils. Since they are natural agents, they cause minimal side effects, so could be administered with dose flexibility. It is vital to discover some new antimicrobial agents that can control the production and growth of biofilms. This review summarizes and analyzes the efficacy characteristics and corresponding mechanisms of natural-product-based antibiofilm agents, i.e., phytochemicals, biosurfactants, antimicrobial peptides, and their sources, along with their mechanism, quorum sensing signalling pathways, disrupting extracellular matrix adhesion. The review also provides some other strategies to inhibit biofilm-related illness. The prepared list of newly discovered natural antibiofilm agents could help in devising novel strategies for biofilm-associated infections.
由于生物膜相关感染涉及大多数临床感染并严重威胁全球公共卫生，对其研究正日益受到关注。生物膜是细菌在生态位中普遍存在的一种自然生长形式，被认为是致病和非致病微生物所采用的一种通用生存机制，并且在基质内会导致细胞异质性发育。在生态位中，群体感应是生物膜形成的关键通信渠道。生物膜的形成会导致对不利生态效应的抵抗力增强，包括对抗生素和抗菌剂的耐药性。生物膜通常使用抗生素等现代传统药物进行对抗，但目前，它们被认为不足以治疗多重耐药性；因此，发现一些能够预防生物膜产生和生长的新型抗菌剂至关重要，同时还要尽量减少此类疗法的副作用。在寻找一些替代且安全的疗法的过程中，天然植物源植物药在研究界越来越受欢迎。植物药是源自天然植物的天然物质。这些植物源物质可能包括黄酮类化合物、萜类化合物、凝集素、生物碱、多肽、聚乙炔、酚类化合物和精油。由于它们是天然物质，副作用极小，因此可以灵活调整剂量给药。发现一些能够控制生物膜产生和生长的新型抗菌剂至关重要。本综述总结并分析了基于天然产物的抗生物膜剂（即植物化学物质、生物表面活性剂、抗菌肽）的功效特性及其相应机制、它们的来源以及作用机制、群体感应信号通路、破坏细胞外基质黏附情况。该综述还提供了一些其他抑制生物膜相关疾病的策略。新发现的天然抗生物膜剂清单有助于设计针对生物膜相关感染的新策略。
