Banushi Blerida, Brendle Madeline, Ragnhildstveit Anya, Murphy Tara, Moore Claire, Egberts Johannes, Robison Reid
Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
Department of Pharmacotherapy, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Brain Sci. 2023 Feb 2;13(2):256. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13020256.
Anxiety disorders are the most common group of mental disorders, but they are often underrecognized and undertreated in primary care. Dysfunctional breathing is a hallmark of anxiety disorders; however, mainstays of treatments do not tackle breathing in patients suffering anxiety. This scoping review aims to identify the nature and extent of the available research literature on the efficacy of breathwork interventions for adults with clinically diagnosed anxiety disorders using the DSM-5 classification system. Using the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, a search of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus was conducted using terms related to anxiety disorders and breathwork interventions. Only clinical studies using breathwork (without the combination of other interventions) and performed on adult patients diagnosed with an anxiety disorder using the DSM-5 classification system were included. From 1081 articles identified across three databases, sixteen were included for the review. A range of breathwork interventions yielded significant improvements in anxiety symptoms in patients clinically diagnosed with anxiety disorders. The results around the role of hyperventilation in treatment of anxiety were contradictory in few of the examined studies. This evidence-based review supports the clinical utility of breathwork interventions and discusses effective treatment options and protocols that are feasible and accessible to patients suffering anxiety. Current gaps in knowledge for future research directions have also been identified.
焦虑症是最常见的精神障碍类型，但在初级保健中往往未得到充分认识和治疗。功能失调性呼吸是焦虑症的一个标志；然而，治疗的主要方法并未解决焦虑症患者的呼吸问题。本综述旨在确定使用DSM-5分类系统，关于针对临床诊断为焦虑症的成年人进行呼吸训练干预效果的现有研究文献的性质和范围。使用PRISMA扩展的综述方法，通过与焦虑症和呼吸训练干预相关的术语对PubMed、Embase和Scopus进行检索。仅纳入使用呼吸训练（不与其他干预措施联合）且针对使用DSM-5分类系统诊断为焦虑症的成年患者进行的临床研究。在三个数据库中识别出的1081篇文章中，有16篇被纳入综述。一系列呼吸训练干预措施使临床诊断为焦虑症的患者的焦虑症状有显著改善。在少数所审查的研究中，关于过度换气在焦虑症治疗中的作用的结果相互矛盾。这一基于证据的综述支持呼吸训练干预的临床实用性，并讨论了对焦虑症患者可行且可及的有效治疗选择和方案。还确定了未来研究方向目前的知识空白。
