Maruta Michio, Shimokihara Suguru, Akasaki Yoshihiko, Hidaka Yuma, Ikeda Yuriko, Han Gwanghee, Tanaka Goro, Higashi Toshio, Moriuchi Takefumi, Tabira Takayuki
Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate, Nagasaki 852-8520, Japan.
Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Feb 19;11(4):617. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11040617.
Evidence suggests that optimism has a positive impact on health status. Attentional bias modification (ABM) may be beneficial for enhancing optimism, but its effective application requires a detailed investigation of the association between attentional bias and optimism. This study aimed to determine the association between attentional bias and optimism based on different task types. Eighty-four participants completed the attentional bias measures using the dot-probe task (DPT), emotional visual search task (EVST) paradigms, and psychological assessments. Optimism was assessed using the Life Orientation Test-Revised with subscales for optimism and pessimism. Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression analysis were applied to investigate the association between optimism and attentional bias. Neither the attentional bias derived from DPT nor EVST was significantly correlated with optimism total score or subscales. Regression analysis also showed no association between attentional bias and optimism (DPT, β = 0.12; EVST, β = 0.09), optimism subscales (DPT, β = 0.09; EVST, β = 0.17), or pessimism subscales (DPT, β = -0.10; EVST, β = 0.02). Our findings showed no evidence that attentional biases derived from either the DPT or EVST measures are associated with optimism or pessimism. Further studies are needed to effectively adapt the ABM to enhance optimism.
有证据表明，乐观主义对健康状况有积极影响。注意偏向矫正（ABM）可能有助于增强乐观主义，但要有效应用它，需要详细研究注意偏向与乐观主义之间的关联。本研究旨在根据不同任务类型确定注意偏向与乐观主义之间的关联。84名参与者使用点探测任务（DPT）、情绪视觉搜索任务（EVST）范式完成了注意偏向测量以及心理评估。使用修订后的生活取向测试对乐观主义进行评估，该测试有乐观主义和悲观主义分量表。采用皮尔逊相关系数和多元线性回归分析来研究乐观主义与注意偏向之间的关联。无论是来自DPT还是EVST的注意偏向，均与乐观主义总分或分量表无显著相关性。回归分析还表明，注意偏向与乐观主义（DPT，β = 0.12；EVST，β = 0.09）、乐观主义分量表（DPT，β = 0.09；EVST，β = 0.17）或悲观主义分量表（DPT，β = -0.10；EVST，β = 0.02）之间均无关联。我们的研究结果表明，没有证据表明来自DPT或EVST测量的注意偏向与乐观主义或悲观主义有关。需要进一步研究以有效地采用ABM来增强乐观主义。
