School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
School of Economics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 9;20(4):3033. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043033.
This article studies the relationship between environmental governance, public health expenditure, and economic growth by introducing human health status into a three-period overlapping generation dynamic general equilibrium (OLG-DGE) model and conducting a policy simulation analysis in a Chinese scenario. The main findings are generalized as follows: (i) The increase in pollution emissions per unit of output will not only lead to the deterioration of public health but also hinder long-term economic growth, while the efficiency of pollution control will improve health and output per labor unit; (ii) Although levying environmental tax will improve health status and life expectancy, it has a non-linear impact on pollution emissions and output per labor unit, which means that there are trade-offs among environmental governance, public health improvement, and economic output; and (iii) Although the increase in the proportion of public health expenditure will improve health status, its impact on life expectancy and economic output is affected by the level of environmental tax. Only when the environmental tax rate is relatively low, will increasing the proportion of public health expenditure extend life expectancy and output per labor unit.
本文通过将人类健康状况引入三期重叠世代动态一般均衡(OLG-DGE)模型，对中国情景下的政策进行模拟分析，研究了环境治理、公共卫生支出与经济增长之间的关系。主要结论概括如下：（i）单位产出污染排放的增加不仅会导致公共卫生状况恶化，还会阻碍长期经济增长，而污染控制效率则会提高每个劳动力单位的健康和产出；（ii）尽管征收环境税会改善健康状况和预期寿命，但对污染排放和每个劳动力单位的产出有非线性影响，这意味着在环境治理、公共卫生改善和经济产出之间存在权衡；（iii）公共卫生支出比例的增加虽然会改善健康状况，但对预期寿命和经济产出的影响受到环境税水平的影响。只有在环境税率相对较低的情况下，增加公共卫生支出的比例才会延长预期寿命和每个劳动力单位的产出。
