Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia.
1st Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 13;20(4):3252. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043252.
The movement of teeth by orthodontic treatment with the Invisalign (IN) system and fixed orthodontic appliances (FOA) is characterized by the reconstruction of periodontal ligaments, alveolar bone, and gingiva. A reflection of these phenomena can be found in the composition of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). A total of 90 samples from 45 participants (45 whole saliva and 45 GCF), including 15 patients with FOA, 15 patients with IN, and 15 patients with oral health, were subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis. Mass fingerprints were generated for each sample. Three models were tested: a quick classifier (QC), a genetic algorithm (GA), and a supervised neural network (SNN). For both groups of samples (saliva and GCF), the GA model showed the highest recognition abilities of 88.89% (saliva) and 95.56% (GCF). Differences between the treated (FOA and IN) groups and the control group in saliva and GCF samples were determined using cluster analysis. In addition, we monitored the effect of long-term orthodontic treatment (after 6 months) in the lag phase of orthodontic tooth movement. The results show increased levels of inflammatory markers (α-defensins), which may indicate an ongoing inflammatory process even after 21 days from force application.
牙齿在正畸治疗中的移动，无论是通过 Invisalign（IN）系统还是固定正畸器械（FOA），都会导致牙周韧带、牙槽骨和牙龈的重建。这些现象在龈沟液（GCF）的成分中都有所反映。共有 45 名参与者的 90 个样本（45 个全唾液样本和 45 个 GCF 样本），包括 15 名使用 FOA 的患者、15 名使用 IN 的患者和 15 名口腔健康的患者，接受了基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF/MS）分析。对每个样本生成了质谱指纹。测试了三种模型：快速分类器（QC）、遗传算法（GA）和监督神经网络（SNN）。对于唾液和 GCF 两组样本，GA 模型显示出最高的识别能力，分别为 88.89%（唾液）和 95.56%（GCF）。使用聚类分析确定了治疗组（FOA 和 IN）与对照组之间在唾液和 GCF 样本中的差异。此外，我们还监测了正畸治疗（施加力后 6 个月）在正畸牙齿移动的迟滞期的长期效果。结果显示，炎症标志物（α-防御素）水平升高，这可能表明即使在施加力后 21 天，仍存在持续的炎症过程。
