2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Scientific Association of Students 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 17;20(4):3591. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043591.
This article is a review of the contemporary literature on the possibility of using modern ophthalmological diagnostics, such as optical coherence tomography and electrophysiological tests, in the assessment of changes in eyesight correlating with inflammatory changes in the central nervous system (CNS) as one of the risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders in children with ASD. A significant role is attributed to the activation of nerve and glial cells, as well as inflammatory changes in the brain, both of which can be of great importance in regard to an autism development predisposition. This fact indicates the possibility of using certain ophthalmic markers to depict an early correlation between the CNS and its outermost layer, i.e., the retina. A comprehensive ophthalmological assessment, and above all, characteristic changes in the functional function of photoreceptors and disorders of the structures of the retina or optic nerve fibers found in the latest OCT or ERG tests may in the future become diagnostic tools, further confirming the early characteristics of autism in children and adolescents. The above information, therefore, emphasizes the importance of cooperation between specialists in improving the diagnosis and treatment of children with autism.
本文是对现代眼科诊断学的文献进行综述，探讨了光学相干断层扫描和电生理测试等现代眼科诊断学在评估与儿童自闭症（ASD）相关的中枢神经系统（CNS）炎症变化相关的视力变化中的应用的可能性，这些变化可能是儿童神经发育障碍的风险因素之一。神经和神经胶质细胞的激活以及大脑中的炎症变化被认为具有重要意义，因为它们可能与自闭症的发展倾向有关。这一事实表明，使用某些眼科标志物来描述中枢神经系统与其最外层（即视网膜）之间的早期相关性是可能的。全面的眼科评估，尤其是在最新的 OCT 或 ERG 测试中发现的光感受器功能的特征性变化和视网膜或视神经纤维结构的障碍，将来可能成为诊断工具，进一步证实儿童和青少年自闭症的早期特征。因此，上述信息强调了专家之间合作的重要性，以改善自闭症儿童的诊断和治疗。
