Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 19;20(4):3687. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043687.
Depressive symptoms are common among people living with HIV (PLWH). The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of depressive symptoms in PLWH in Spain. A total of 1060 PLWH participated in this cross-sectional study and completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The odds ratios for the presence of depressive symptoms were analyzed in a multivariable logistic regression model, including sociodemographic data, comorbidities, health-related behaviors, and social-environment-related variables. We found an overall prevalence of depressive symptoms of 21.42%; by subgroup, namely men, women, and transgender persons, prevalence was 18.13%, 32.81%, and 37.14%, respectively. Moreover, social isolation (OR = 1.05 [CI, 1.02-1.08]) and poor physical and mental quality of life (OR = 1.06 [CI, 1.02-1.09] and OR = 1.13 [CI, 1.09-1.17], respectively) were associated with depressive symptoms. As protective factors, we identified serodisclosure to more people (vs. none; OR = 0.39 [CI, 0.17-0.87]), satisfaction with social roles (OR = 0.86 [CI, 0.79-0.94]), better cognitive function (OR = 0.92 [CI, 0.89-0.95]), and sexualized drug use once in a lifetime (OR = 0.52 [CI, 0.29-0.93]). This study showed a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in PLWH, especially among women and transgender people. The association between psychosocial variables and depressive symptoms highlights the multidimensionality of the problem and identifies areas for intervention. This study found that the management of mental health issues is an area that needs to be improved and tailored to specific groups, with the aim of enhancing the well-being of PLWH.
抑郁症状在 HIV 感染者（PLWH）中很常见。本研究旨在确定西班牙 PLWH 抑郁症状的决定因素。共有 1060 名 PLWH 参与了这项横断面研究，并完成了患者健康问卷-9。在多变量逻辑回归模型中分析了存在抑郁症状的比值比，包括社会人口统计学数据、合并症、与健康相关的行为以及与社会环境相关的变量。我们发现抑郁症状的总体患病率为 21.42%；按亚组（即男性、女性和跨性别者）划分，患病率分别为 18.13%、32.81%和 37.14%。此外，社会孤立（比值比=1.05[CI，1.02-1.08]）和身心健康质量差（比值比=1.06[CI，1.02-1.09]和比值比=1.13[CI，1.09-1.17]）与抑郁症状相关。作为保护因素，我们发现向更多人透露血清状况（与无人透露相比；比值比=0.39[CI，0.17-0.87]）、对社会角色的满意度（比值比=0.86[CI，0.79-0.94]）、更好的认知功能（比值比=0.92[CI，0.89-0.95]）和一生一次性使用性药物（比值比=0.52[CI，0.29-0.93]）与抑郁症状呈负相关。本研究显示 PLWH 中抑郁症状的患病率较高，尤其是在女性和跨性别者中。心理社会变量与抑郁症状之间的关联突出了问题的多维性，并确定了干预的领域。本研究发现，管理心理健康问题是一个需要改进和针对特定群体的领域，旨在提高 PLWH 的幸福感。
