Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
Environmental Science and Sustainability Program, Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, Harrisburg, PA 17101, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 19;24(4):4164. doi: 10.3390/ijms24044164.
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death for women in the United States, and early detection could offer patients the opportunity to receive early intervention. The current methods of diagnosis rely on mammograms and have relatively high rates of false positivity, causing anxiety in patients. We sought to identify protein markers in saliva and serum for early detection of breast cancer. A rigorous analysis was performed for individual saliva and serum samples from women without breast disease, and women diagnosed with benign or malignant breast disease, using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technique, and employing a random effects model. A total of 591 and 371 proteins were identified in saliva and serum samples from the same individuals, respectively. The differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in exocytosis, secretion, immune response, neutrophil-mediated immunity and cytokine-mediated signaling pathway. Using a network biology approach, significantly expressed proteins in both biological fluids were evaluated for protein-protein interaction networks and further analyzed for these being potential biomarkers in breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Our systems approach illustrates a feasible platform for investigating the responsive proteomic profile in benign and malignant breast disease using saliva and serum from the same women.
乳腺癌是美国女性的第二大死亡原因，早期检测可为患者提供早期干预的机会。目前的诊断方法依赖于乳房 X 光检查，且具有相对较高的假阳性率，导致患者焦虑。我们试图确定唾液和血清中的蛋白质标志物，以用于早期检测乳腺癌。我们使用等重标记相对和绝对定量（iTRAQ）技术，对来自无乳腺疾病的女性和被诊断为良性或恶性乳腺疾病的女性的个体唾液和血清样本进行了严格的分析，并采用随机效应模型。在来自同一人群的唾液和血清样本中分别鉴定出 591 种和 371 种差异表达蛋白。差异表达蛋白主要涉及胞吐作用、分泌、免疫反应、中性粒细胞介导的免疫和细胞因子介导的信号通路。使用网络生物学方法，对两种生物体液中差异表达蛋白进行蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络评估，并进一步分析其作为乳腺癌诊断和预后潜在生物标志物的可能性。我们的系统方法说明了使用来自同一女性的唾液和血清研究良性和恶性乳腺疾病中反应性蛋白质组谱的可行平台。
