Hatsukaichi Field Station, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi 739-0452, Hiroshima, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 20;24(4):4183. doi: 10.3390/ijms24044183.
Polycarbamate is commonly used as an antifoulant coating on fishing nets in Japan. Although its toxicity to freshwater organisms has been reported, its toxicity to marine organisms is currently unknown. We conducted algal growth inhibition and crustacean immobilization tests to assess the effects of polycarbamate on marine organisms. We also evaluated the acute toxicity of the main components of polycarbamate, namely, dimethyldithiocarbamate and ethylenebisdithiocarbamate, to algae, which are the most sensitive tested organisms to polycarbamate. The toxicities of dimethyldithiocarbamate and ethylenebisdithiocarbamate partially explain that of polycarbamate. To assess the primary risk, we derived the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) for polycarbamate in a probabilistic manner using species sensitivity distributions. The 72 h no observed effect concentration (NOEC) of polycarbamate to the alga complex was 0.45 μg/L. The toxicity of dimethyldithiocarbamate may have contributed up to 72% of the toxicity observed for polycarbamate. The fifth percentile of hazardous concentration (HC) derived from the acute toxicity values was 0.48 μg/L. Comparison of previously reported environmental polycarbamate concentrations in Hiroshima Bay, Japan, to the PNEC estimated using the minimum NOEC and HC suggest that polycarbamate currently poses a high ecological risk. Therefore, reducing the risk by restricting polycarbamate use is necessary.
聚碳酸酯在日本常用于渔网的防污涂层。虽然已经报道了其对淡水生物的毒性，但目前尚不清楚其对海洋生物的毒性。我们进行了藻类生长抑制和甲壳类动物固定化试验，以评估聚碳酸酯对海洋生物的影响。我们还评估了聚碳酸酯的主要成分，即二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸盐和乙二烯双二硫代氨基甲酸盐，对藻类的急性毒性，藻类是对聚碳酸酯最敏感的测试生物。二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸盐和乙二烯双二硫代氨基甲酸盐的毒性部分解释了聚碳酸酯的毒性。为了评估主要风险，我们使用物种敏感性分布以概率方式推导出聚碳酸酯的预测无影响浓度（PNEC）。聚碳酸酯对藻类复合物的 72 小时无观察到影响浓度（NOEC）为 0.45μg/L。二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸盐的毒性可能对聚碳酸酯观察到的毒性贡献了高达 72%。从急性毒性值得出的危险浓度（HC）的第五个百分位数为 0.48μg/L。将日本广岛湾以前报道的环境聚碳酸酯浓度与使用最小 NOEC 和 HC 估计的 PNEC 进行比较表明，聚碳酸酯目前存在很高的生态风险。因此，通过限制聚碳酸酯的使用来降低风险是必要的。
