Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 20;24(4):4236. doi: 10.3390/ijms24044236.
Elements of inflammation are found in almost all chronic ocular surface disease, such as dry eye disease. The chronicity of such inflammatory disease speaks to the dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity. There has been a rising interest in omega-3 fatty acids to attenuate inflammation. While many cell-based (in vitro) studies verify the anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3, different human trials report discordant outcomes after supplementation. This may be due to underlying inter-individual differences in inflammatory cytokine metabolism (such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)), in which genetic differences might play a role, such as polymorphisms in the lymphotoxin alpha (LT-α) gene. Inherent TNF-α production affects omega-3 response and is also associated with LT-α genotype. Therefore, LT-α genotype might predict omega-3 response. Using the NIH dbSNP, we analyzed the relative frequency of LT-α polymorphisms among various ethnicities, each weighted by the genotype's probability of positive response. While the probability of response for unknown LT-α genotypes are 50%, there is greater distinction in response rates between various genotypes. Hence, there is value in genetic testing to prognosticate an individual's response to omega-3.
几乎所有慢性眼表疾病，如干眼症，都存在炎症反应的元素。此类炎症性疾病的慢性特征表明先天和适应性免疫失调。人们对ω-3 脂肪酸（一种多不饱和脂肪酸）减轻炎症的作用越来越感兴趣。虽然许多基于细胞的（体外）研究证实了 ω-3 的抗炎作用，但不同的人体试验在补充后报告了不一致的结果。这可能是由于炎症细胞因子代谢（如肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α））存在个体间差异，遗传差异可能起作用，例如淋巴毒素-α（LT-α）基因的多态性。固有 TNF-α的产生会影响 ω-3 的反应，也与 LT-α 基因型有关。因此，LT-α 基因型可能预测 ω-3 的反应。我们利用 NIH dbSNP 分析了不同种族中 LT-α 多态性的相对频率，每种基因型的阳性反应概率都有加权。虽然未知 LT-α 基因型的反应概率为 50%，但不同基因型之间的反应率存在更大的差异。因此，进行基因检测以预测个体对 ω-3 的反应是有价值的。
