Prandi Francesca Romana, Romeo Francesco, Barillà Francesco, Sharma Samin, Kini Annapoorna, Lerakis Stamatios
Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2023 Feb 12;12(4):1470. doi: 10.3390/jcm12041470.
Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is a common chronic degenerative process of the mitral valve fibrous support ring. MAC increases the risk of mitral valve dysfunction, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and worse outcomes in cardiac interventions. Echocardiography represents the first imaging modality for MAC assessment, but it has low specificity compared to cardiac CT in terms of distinguishing between calcium and dense collagen. Novel three-dimensional transesophageal maximal intensity projection (MIP) mapping allows for the real-time MAC distribution and depth visualization of the cardiac anatomy and represents a useful and promising tool for pre-procedural assessment and intra-procedural guidance of cardiac interventions.
二尖瓣环钙化（MAC）是二尖瓣纤维支撑环常见的慢性退行性病变过程。MAC会增加二尖瓣功能障碍、全因死亡率和心血管死亡率的风险，并且会导致心脏介入治疗的预后更差。超声心动图是评估MAC的首选影像学方法，但在区分钙和致密胶原方面，与心脏CT相比，其特异性较低。新型三维经食管最大强度投影（MIP）成像能够实时显示MAC的分布以及心脏解剖结构的深度，是一种用于心脏介入治疗术前评估和术中引导的有效且有前景的工具。
