Mirzoev Timur M
Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia.
Life (Basel). 2023 Jan 27;13(2):341. doi: 10.3390/life13020341.
Cell mechanotransduction, the ability to detect physical forces and convert them into a series of biochemical events, is important for a wide range of physiological processes. Cells express an array of mechanosensors transducing physical forces into intracellular signaling cascades, including ion channels. Ion channels that can be directly activated by mechanical cues are known as mechanically activated (MA), or stretch-activated (SA), channels. In response to repeated exposures to mechanical stimulation in the form of resistance training, enhanced protein synthesis and fiber hypertrophy are elicited in skeletal muscle, whereas a lack of mechanical stimuli due to inactivity/mechanical unloading leads to reduced muscle protein synthesis and fiber atrophy. To date, the role of MA channels in the transduction of mechanical load to intracellular signaling pathways regulating muscle protein synthesis is poorly described. This review article will discuss MA channels in striated muscle, their regulation, and putative roles in the anabolic processes in muscle cells/fibers in response to mechanical stimuli.
细胞机械转导，即检测物理力并将其转化为一系列生化事件的能力，对广泛的生理过程至关重要。细胞表达一系列机械传感器，将物理力转化为细胞内信号级联反应，其中包括离子通道。可被机械信号直接激活的离子通道被称为机械激活（MA）通道或牵张激活（SA）通道。骨骼肌在反复接受以阻力训练形式出现的机械刺激后，会引发蛋白质合成增强和纤维肥大，而因不活动/机械卸载导致缺乏机械刺激则会导致肌肉蛋白质合成减少和纤维萎缩。迄今为止，MA通道在将机械负荷转导至调节肌肉蛋白质合成的细胞内信号通路中的作用鲜有描述。这篇综述文章将讨论横纹肌中的MA通道、它们的调节以及在肌肉细胞/纤维响应机械刺激的合成代谢过程中的假定作用。
