Iveković Damjan, Kumar Sunil, Gajović Andrea, Čižmar Tihana, Karlušić Marko
Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Feb 4;16(4):1332. doi: 10.3390/ma16041332.
High-energy heavy ion irradiation is a very useful tool for the nanostructuring of 2D materials because defects can be introduced in a controlled way. This approach is especially attractive for the mass production of graphene nanomembranes when nanopore size and density can easily be tuned by ion irradiation parameters such as ion energy and applied fluence. Therefore, understanding the basic mechanisms in nanopore formation due to high-energy heavy ion impact is of the highest importance. In the present work, we used Raman spectroscopy to investigate the response of bilayer and trilayer graphene to this type of irradiation. Spectra obtained from graphene samples irradiated with 1.8 MeV I, 23 MeV I, 3 MeV Cu, 18 MeV Cu, and 12 MeV Si beams were analysed using the Lucchese model. It was found that the efficiency of damage production scales strongly with nuclear energy loss. Therefore, even for the most energetic 23 MeV I beam, the electronic energy loss does not contribute much to damage formation and ion tracks are unlikely to be formed.
高能重离子辐照是二维材料纳米结构化的一种非常有用的工具，因为可以以可控的方式引入缺陷。当纳米孔的尺寸和密度可以通过离子能量和施加的注量等离子辐照参数轻松调节时，这种方法对于大规模生产石墨烯纳米膜特别有吸引力。因此，了解高能重离子撞击导致纳米孔形成的基本机制至关重要。在本工作中，我们使用拉曼光谱研究双层和三层石墨烯对这种辐照的响应。使用卢切塞模型分析了用1.8 MeV碘、23 MeV碘、3 MeV铜、18 MeV铜和12 MeV硅束辐照的石墨烯样品获得的光谱。发现损伤产生效率与核能损失密切相关。因此，即使对于能量最高的23 MeV碘束，电子能量损失对损伤形成的贡献也不大，不太可能形成离子径迹。
