Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Women & Children's Hospital, 745 Wuluo Road, Hongshan, Wuhan 430070, China.
Department of Anesthesiology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryogenic Disease, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, 1961 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Feb 17;59(2):396. doi: 10.3390/medicina59020396.
The pursuit for blood a substitute has spanned over a century, but a majority of the efforts have been disappointing. As of today, there is no widely accepted product used as an alternative to human blood in clinical settings with severe anemic condition(s). Blood substitutes are currently also termed oxygen therapeutics. There are two major categories of oxygen therapeutics, hemoglobin-based and perfluorocarbon-based products. In this article, we reviewed the most developed but failed products and products still in active clinical research in the category of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. Among all of the discussed hemoglobin-based oxygen therapeutics, HemAssist, PolyHeme, Hemolink, Hemospan, and Hemoximer were discontinued. Hemopure is in clinical use in South Africa and Russia. Oxyglobin, the sister product of Hemopure, has been approved for veterinary use in the European Union and the United States. HemO2life has recently been approved for organ preservation in organ transplantation in the European Union. OxyVita and Sanguinate are still undergoing active clinical studies. The field of oxygen therapeutics seems to be entering a phase of rapid growth in the coming 10-20 years.
寻找血液替代品的研究已经持续了一个多世纪，但大多数努力都令人失望。截至今天，在严重贫血的临床环境中，还没有被广泛接受的替代人类血液的产品。血液替代品目前也被称为氧疗药物。氧疗药物主要有两大类，血红蛋白基和全氟化碳基产品。本文综述了血红蛋白基氧载体类别中最先进但已失败和仍处于积极临床研究的产品。在讨论的所有基于血红蛋白的氧疗药物中，HemAssist、PolyHeme、Hemolink、Hemospan 和 Hemoximer 已被停用。Hemopure 在南非和俄罗斯临床使用。Hemopure 的姊妹产品 Oxyglobin 已在欧盟和美国获得兽医使用批准。HemO2life 最近在欧盟获得了器官移植器官保存的批准。OxyVita 和 Sanguinate 仍在进行积极的临床研究。在未来 10-20 年内，氧疗药物领域似乎将进入快速发展阶段。
