Rodriguez Cristian, Campoy-Diaz Alejandra D, Giraud-Billoud Maximiliano
Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina.
Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina.
Metabolites. 2023 Feb 16;13(2):289. doi: 10.3390/metabo13020289.
States of natural dormancy include estivation and hibernation. Ampullariids are exemplary because they undergo estivation when deprived of water or hibernation when exposed to very low temperatures. Regardless of the condition, ampullariids show increased endogenous antioxidant defenses, anticipating the expected respiratory burst during reoxygenation after reactivation, known as "Preparation for Oxidative Stress (POS)". In this work, we tested the POS hypothesis for changes in the blood and hemocytes of the bimodal breather (Ampullariidae) induced at experimental estivation and hibernation. We described respiratory (hemocyanin, proteins, lactate), antioxidant (GSH, uric acid, SOD, CAT, GST), and immunological (hemocyte levels, ROS production) parameters. We showed that, although the protein level remains unchanged in all experimental groups, hemocyanin increases in response to estivation. Furthermore, lactate remains unchanged in challenged snails, suggesting an aerobic metabolism during short-term challenges. Blood uric acid increases during estivation and arousal from estivation or hibernation, supporting the previously proposed antioxidant role. Regarding hemocytes, we showed that the total population increases with all challenges, and granulocytes increase during hibernation. We further showed that hibernation affects ROS production by hemocytes, possibly through mitochondrial inhibition. This study contributed to the knowledge of the adaptive strategies of ampullariids to tolerate adverse environmental conditions.
自然休眠状态包括夏眠和冬眠。福寿螺就是典型例子，因为它们在缺水时会进入夏眠，在暴露于极低温度时会进入冬眠。无论处于哪种状态，福寿螺的内源性抗氧化防御都会增强，以应对复苏后再充氧过程中预期的呼吸爆发，即“氧化应激准备（POS）”。在这项研究中，我们对实验诱导夏眠和冬眠的双模式呼吸者（福寿螺科）血液和血细胞变化的POS假说进行了测试。我们描述了呼吸参数（血蓝蛋白、蛋白质、乳酸）、抗氧化参数（谷胱甘肽、尿酸、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶）和免疫参数（血细胞水平、活性氧生成）。我们发现，虽然所有实验组的蛋白质水平保持不变，但血蓝蛋白会因夏眠而增加。此外，受到刺激的蜗牛体内乳酸含量保持不变，这表明在短期刺激过程中存在有氧代谢。在夏眠期间以及从夏眠或冬眠中苏醒时，血液中的尿酸会增加，这支持了之前提出的抗氧化作用。关于血细胞，我们发现所有刺激都会使血细胞总数增加，粒细胞在冬眠期间会增加。我们还发现，冬眠可能通过抑制线粒体来影响血细胞的活性氧生成。这项研究有助于了解福寿螺耐受不利环境条件的适应策略。
