Lloyd Austin W, Percival David, Langille Morgan G I, Yurgel Svetlana N
Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
Microorganisms. 2023 Feb 6;11(2):410. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11020410.
Lowbush blueberries ( spp.) are a crop of economic significance to Atlantic Canada, Quebec, and Maine. The fruit is produced by the management of naturally occurring plant populations. The plants have an intimate relationship with the soil microbiome and depend on it for their health and productivity. Fungicides are an important tool in combatting disease pressure but pose a potential risk to soil health. In this study, amplicon sequencing was used to determine the effects of six fungistatic compounds both alone and in combination via nine commercially available fungicide products on the bacterial and fungal microbiomes associated with lowbush blueberries and to study whether these effects are reflected in crop outcomes and plant phenotypes. One fungicide, Luna Tranquility, a combination of fluopyram and pyrimethanil, was found to impart significant effects to fungal and bacterial community structure, fungal taxonomic abundances, and bacterial functions relative to control. The two fungicides which contained fluopyram and pyrimethanil as single ingredients (Velum Prime and Scala, respectively) did not induce significant changes in any of these regards. These results suggest the possibility that these microbiome changes are the result of the synergistic effect of fluopyram and pyrimethanil on soil microbiomes. While these results suggest a significant disruption to the soil microbiome, no corresponding changes to crop development and outcomes were noted. Ultimately, the majority of the fungicides analysed in this trial did not produce significant changes to the soil microbiome relative to the untreated group (UTG). However, one of the fungicide treatments, Luna Tranquility, did produce significant changes to the soil ecosystem that could have longer-term effects on soil health and its future use may merit additional investigation onto its ecotoxicological properties.
矮丛蓝莓（ spp.）对加拿大大西洋省份、魁北克省和缅因州具有重要的经济意义。其果实通过对自然生长的植物种群进行管理而产出。这些植物与土壤微生物群有着密切关系，并依赖其维持自身健康和生产力。杀菌剂是应对病害压力的重要工具，但对土壤健康构成潜在风险。在本研究中，通过9种市售杀菌剂产品，利用扩增子测序来确定6种抑菌化合物单独使用及组合使用时，对与矮丛蓝莓相关的细菌和真菌微生物群的影响，并研究这些影响是否反映在作物产量和植物表型上。一种杀菌剂Luna Tranquility（氟吡菌酰胺和嘧霉胺的组合）被发现相对于对照，对真菌和细菌群落结构、真菌分类丰度以及细菌功能有显著影响。两种分别以氟吡菌酰胺和嘧霉胺作为单一成分的杀菌剂（分别为Velum Prime和Scala）在这些方面均未引起显著变化。这些结果表明，这些微生物群变化可能是氟吡菌酰胺和嘧霉胺对土壤微生物群协同作用的结果。虽然这些结果表明土壤微生物群受到了显著破坏，但未观察到作物发育和产量有相应变化。最终，本试验中分析的大多数杀菌剂相对于未处理组（UTG）对土壤微生物群未产生显著变化。然而，一种杀菌剂处理Luna Tranquility确实对土壤生态系统产生了显著变化，可能会对土壤健康产生长期影响，其未来使用可能值得对其生态毒理学特性进行进一步研究。
