Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
Swan Region Delivery Centre, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Swan Region, Locked Bag 104, Bentley, WA, 6983, Australia.
New Phytol. 2018 Dec;220(4):1108-1115. doi: 10.1111/nph.14976. Epub 2018 Jan 22.
Contents Summary 1108 I. Introduction 1108 II. Mycorrhizal plant diversity at global and local scales 1108 III. Mycorrhizal evolution in plants: a brief update 1111 IV. Conclusions and perspectives 1114 References 1114 SUMMARY: The majority of vascular plants are mycorrhizal: 72% are arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), 2.0% are ectomycorrhizal (EcM), 1.5% are ericoid mycorrhizal and 10% are orchid mycorrhizal. Just 8% are completely nonmycorrhizal (NM), whereas 7% have inconsistent NM-AM associations. Most NM and NM-AM plants are nutritional specialists (e.g. carnivores and parasites) or habitat specialists (e.g. hydrophytes and epiphytes). Mycorrhizal associations are consistent in most families, but there are exceptions with complex roots (e.g. both EcM and AM). We recognize three waves of mycorrhizal evolution, starting with AM in early land plants, continuing in the Cretaceous with multiple new NM or EcM linages, ericoid and orchid mycorrhizas. The third wave, which is recent and ongoing, has resulted in root complexity linked to rapid plant diversification in biodiversity hotspots.
内容摘要 1108 I. 引言 1108 II. 全球和局部尺度上的菌根植物多样性 1108 III. 植物菌根进化：简要更新 1111 IV. 结论和展望 1114 参考文献 1114 摘要：大多数维管植物是菌根植物：72%为丛枝菌根（AM），2.0%为外生菌根（EcM），1.5%为杜鹃花菌根，10%为兰科菌根。只有 8%是完全非菌根的（NM），而 7%具有不一致的 NM-AM 关联。大多数 NM 和 NM-AM 植物是营养专家（如肉食者和寄生虫）或栖息地专家（如水生植物和附生植物）。大多数科的菌根关联是一致的，但也有例外，具有复杂的根系（如外生菌根和丛枝菌根）。我们认识到菌根进化的三个阶段，首先是早期陆地植物中的 AM，然后在白垩纪有多个新的 NM 或 EcM 谱系，杜鹃花菌根和兰科菌根。第三个阶段是最近且正在进行的，导致了与生物多样性热点中植物快速多样化相关的根系复杂性。
