Chappell Duane E, Barnett D Craig, James Kaitlyn, Craig Bryant, Bain Fairfield, Gaughan Earl, Schneider Chrissie, Vaala Wendy, Barnum Samantha M, Pusterla Nicola
Merck Animal Health, Madison, NJ 07940, USA.
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Pathogens. 2023 Jan 27;12(2):192. doi: 10.3390/pathogens12020192.
A voluntary upper respiratory biosurveillance program in the USA received 9740 nasal swab submissions during the years 2008-2021 from 333 veterinarians and veterinary clinics. The nasal swabs were submitted for qPCR testing for six common upper respiratory pathogens:equine influenza virus (EIV), equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1), equine herpesvirus-4 (EHV-4), subspecies (), equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV), and equine rhinitis B virus (ERBV). Additional testing was performed for equine gamma herpesvirus-2 (EHV-2) and equine gamma herpesvirus-5 (EHV-5) and the results are reported. Basic frequency statistics and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to determine the associations between risk factors and EIV positivity. The EIV qPCR-positivity rate was 9.9%. Equids less than 9 years of age with a recent history of travel and seasonal occurrence in winter and spring were the most common population that were qPCR positive for EIV. This ongoing biosurveillance program emphasizes the need for molecular testing for pathogen identification, which is critical for decisions associated with therapeutics and biosecurity intervention for health management and vaccine evaluations and development.
美国一项自愿性上呼吸道生物监测项目在2008年至2021年期间收到了来自333名兽医和兽医诊所提交的9740份鼻拭子样本。这些鼻拭子被提交用于对六种常见的上呼吸道病原体进行定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）检测：马流感病毒（EIV）、马疱疹病毒1型（EHV-1）、马疱疹病毒4型（EHV-4）、 亚种（）、马鼻炎A病毒（ERAV）和马鼻炎B病毒（ERBV）。还对马γ疱疹病毒2型（EHV-2）和马γ疱疹病毒5型（EHV-5）进行了额外检测并报告了结果。利用基本频率统计和多变量逻辑回归模型来确定风险因素与EIV阳性之间的关联。EIV的qPCR阳性率为9.9%。年龄小于9岁、近期有旅行史且在冬季和春季呈季节性发病的马属动物是EIV qPCR检测呈阳性的最常见群体。这项正在进行的生物监测项目强调了进行分子检测以鉴定病原体的必要性，这对于与治疗、健康管理和疫苗评估及研发的生物安全干预相关的决策至关重要。
