Serrano Dolores R, Kara Aytug, Yuste Iván, Luciano Francis C, Ongoren Baris, Anaya Brayan J, Molina Gracia, Diez Laura, Ramirez Bianca I, Ramirez Irving O, Sánchez-Guirales Sergio A, Fernández-García Raquel, Bautista Liliana, Ruiz Helga K, Lalatsa Aikaterini
Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Pharmaceutics. 2023 Jan 17;15(2):313. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020313.
3D printing technologies enable medicine customization adapted to patients' needs. There are several 3D printing techniques available, but majority of dosage forms and medical devices are printed using nozzle-based extrusion, laser-writing systems, and powder binder jetting. 3D printing has been demonstrated for a broad range of applications in development and targeting solid, semi-solid, and locally applied or implanted medicines. 3D-printed solid dosage forms allow the combination of one or more drugs within the same solid dosage form to improve patient compliance, facilitate deglutition, tailor the release profile, or fabricate new medicines for which no dosage form is available. Sustained-release 3D-printed implants, stents, and medical devices have been used mainly for joint replacement therapies, medical prostheses, and cardiovascular applications. Locally applied medicines, such as wound dressing, microneedles, and medicated contact lenses, have also been manufactured using 3D printing techniques. The challenge is to select the 3D printing technique most suitable for each application and the type of pharmaceutical ink that should be developed that possesses the required physicochemical and biological performance. The integration of biopharmaceuticals and nanotechnology-based drugs along with 3D printing ("nanoprinting") brings printed personalized nanomedicines within the most innovative perspectives for the coming years. Continuous manufacturing through the use of 3D-printed microfluidic chips facilitates their translation into clinical practice.
3D打印技术能够实现根据患者需求定制药物。现有的3D打印技术有多种，但大多数剂型和医疗器械是使用基于喷嘴的挤出、激光书写系统和粉末粘结喷射技术打印而成。3D打印已在开发以及针对固体、半固体和局部应用或植入药物方面展现出广泛的应用前景。3D打印的固体剂型可在同一固体剂型中组合一种或多种药物，以提高患者的顺应性、便于吞咽、调整释放曲线或制造尚无可用剂型的新型药物。缓释3D打印植入物、支架和医疗器械主要用于关节置换治疗、医疗假体和心血管应用。局部应用的药物，如伤口敷料、微针和药用隐形眼镜，也已使用3D打印技术制造。挑战在于选择最适合每种应用的3D打印技术以及应开发的具有所需物理化学和生物学性能的药物墨水类型。生物制药和基于纳米技术的药物与3D打印（“纳米打印”）的整合为未来几年带来了最具创新性的个性化纳米药物前景。通过使用3D打印的微流控芯片进行连续制造有助于将其转化为临床实践。
