Madawi Eiman Abdalla, Al Jayoush Alaa Raad, Rawas-Qalaji Mutasem, Thu Hnin Ei, Khan Shahzeb, Sohail Mohammad, Mahmood Asif, Hussain Zahid
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
Pharmaceutics. 2023 Feb 15;15(2):657. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020657.
The topical route is the most appropriate route for the targeted delivery of drugs to skin tissues for the treatment of local skin diseases; however, the stratum corneum (SC), the foremost layer of the skin, acts as a major barrier. Numerous passive and active drug delivery techniques have been exploited to overcome this barrier; however, these modalities are associated with several detrimental effects which restrict their clinical applicability. Alternatively, nanotechnology-aided interventions have been extensively investigated for the topical administration of a wide range of therapeutics. In this review, we have mainly focused on the biopharmaceutical significance of polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) (made from natural polymers) for the treatment of various topical skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD), skin infection, skin cancer, acute-to-chronic wounds, and acne. The encapsulation of drug(s) into the inner core or adsorption onto the shell of PNPs has shown a marked improvement in their physicochemical properties, avoiding premature degradation and controlling the release kinetics, permeation through the SC, and retention in the skin layers. Furthermore, functionalization techniques such as PEGylation, conjugation with targeting ligand, and pH/thermo-responsiveness have shown further success in optimizing the therapeutic efficacy of PNPs for the treatment of skin diseases. Despite enormous progress in the development of PNPs, their clinical translation is still lacking, which could be a potential future perspective for researchers working in this field.
局部给药途径是将药物靶向递送至皮肤组织以治疗局部皮肤疾病的最合适途径；然而，角质层（SC）作为皮肤的最外层，起着主要屏障的作用。人们已经开发了许多被动和主动的药物递送技术来克服这一屏障；然而，这些方式存在一些有害影响，限制了它们的临床应用。另外，纳米技术辅助干预已被广泛研究用于多种治疗药物的局部给药。在本综述中，我们主要关注了聚合物纳米颗粒（PNPs，由天然聚合物制成）在治疗各种局部皮肤疾病（如银屑病、特应性皮炎（AD）、皮肤感染、皮肤癌、急慢性伤口和痤疮）方面的生物制药意义。将药物封装到PNPs的内核中或吸附到其外壳上，已显示出其物理化学性质有显著改善，避免了过早降解并控制了释放动力学、通过SC的渗透以及在皮肤层中的滞留。此外，聚乙二醇化、与靶向配体偶联以及pH/热响应等功能化技术在优化PNPs治疗皮肤疾病的疗效方面取得了进一步成功。尽管PNPs的开发取得了巨大进展，但其临床转化仍然缺乏，这可能是该领域研究人员未来的一个潜在研究方向。
