College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Key Laboratory for Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
Small. 2023 Jun;19(22):e2300336. doi: 10.1002/smll.202300336. Epub 2023 Feb 25.
Biomass-based porous carbon (BPC) with renewability and flexible nano/microstructure tunability has attracted increasing attention as efficient and cheap electrode materials for supercapacitors. To meet commercial needs, high mass-loading electrodes with high areal capacitance are preferred when designing supercapacitors. The increased mass percentage of active materials can effectively improve the energy density of supercapacitors. However, as the thickness of the electrode increases, it will face the following challenges including severely blocked ion transport channels, poor charging dynamics, poor electrode structural stability, and complex preparation processes. A bridge between theoretical research and practical applications of BPC electrodes for supercapacitors needs to be established. In this review, the advances of high mass-loading BPC electrodes for supercapacitors are summarized based on different biomass precursors. The key performance evaluation parameters of the high mass-loading electrodes are analyzed, and the performance influencing factors are systematically discussed, including specific surface area, pore structure, electrical conductivity, and surface functional groups. Subsequently, the promising optimization strategies for high mass-loading electrodes are summarized, including the structure regulation of electrode materials and the optimization of other supercapacitor components. Finally, the major challenges and opportunities of high mass-loading BPC electrodes in the future are discussed and outlined.
基于生物质的多孔碳（BPC）具有可再生性和灵活的纳米/微观结构可调性，作为超级电容器的高效、廉价电极材料引起了越来越多的关注。为了满足商业需求，在设计超级电容器时，优先选择具有高面电容的高质量负载电极。增加活性材料的质量百分比可以有效地提高超级电容器的能量密度。然而，随着电极厚度的增加，它将面临以下挑战，包括严重阻塞离子传输通道、充电动力学差、电极结构稳定性差和复杂的制备工艺。需要在超级电容器用 BPC 电极的理论研究和实际应用之间建立桥梁。在本文中，基于不同的生物质前体，总结了用于超级电容器的高质量负载 BPC 电极的进展。分析了高质量负载电极的关键性能评估参数，并系统地讨论了性能影响因素，包括比表面积、孔结构、电导率和表面官能团。随后，总结了高质量负载电极的有前途的优化策略，包括电极材料的结构调节和其他超级电容器组件的优化。最后，讨论并概述了未来高质量负载 BPC 电极的主要挑战和机遇。
